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We demonstrate that there is a considerable variation in bookmaker margins across matches, time and bookmakers. Our results imply that using match, tournament and players’ characteristics explains the variations in margins hence, they can be helpful in managing intermediation cost in a market of state-contingent assets: fixed-odds betting markets. We also provide evidence that bookmakers protect themselves by increasing odds on the favourite player, thus attracting more bettors to the favourite player, while deterring bettors from betting on the underdog by reducing the odds. By that process, bookmakers are possibly sacrificing a portion of their margin. 相似文献
43.
Libor Krkoska 《Post - Communist Economies》2013,25(1):41-55
The Central European transition-accession countries Have experienced several periods of macroeconomic vulnerability since the end of output declines in the early 1990s. Some notable periods, which resulted in a necessity to implement extensive stabilisation measures, are March 1995 in Hungary, May 1997 in the Czech Republic and September 1998 in the Slovak Republic. This article shows that the standard early warning indicators provided useful information on macroeconomic vulnerability prior to the crises in Central Europe, although this information had been mainly indicative; that is, early warning indicators would not have allowed one to predict the crises and their timing. However, the growing gap between current account deficit and foreign direct investment (FDI) in all the countries analysed did provide clear early warning of subsequent economic turbulence. 相似文献
44.
According to conventional wisdom, annualized volatility of stock returns is lower over long horizons than over short horizons, due to mean reversion induced by return predictability. In contrast, we find that stocks are substantially more volatile over long horizons from an investor's perspective. This perspective recognizes that parameters are uncertain, even with two centuries of data, and that observable predictors imperfectly deliver the conditional expected return. Mean reversion contributes strongly to reducing long‐horizon variance but is more than offset by various uncertainties faced by the investor. The same uncertainties reduce desired stock allocations of long‐horizon investors contemplating target‐date funds. 相似文献
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We present evidence that the tennis betting market appears to be much more efficient than suggested by previous studies. More specifically, we study the market efficiency by studying the forecasting performance of a diversified set of 40 betting rules in two ways: by searching for the existence of a return differential between betting rules and by analysing the profitability of betting rules. Even though individual tests provide evidence that, within our universe of betting rules, positive returns can be achieved, when data-snooping bias is taken into account, the evidence diminishes. Subsequently, we also find very little evidence of return differentials between betting rules. These results cast doubts on previous research as they suggest that when the potential detrimental effects of data-dreading are taken into account, betting markets in general might not, ultimately, be so inefficient. 相似文献
48.
Petr Šauer Antonín Dvořák Aleš Lisa Petr Fiala 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(2):103-119
This paper considers an alternative approachto surface water quality management whensociety is faced with the need to reduce waterpollution in a region with a complicatedregulatory environment. The paper is focusedon a specific kind of negotiation betweenpolluters and an authority, leading toresolution of the problem when there is theinformation asymmetry between the authorityand the polluters, i.e., the true pollutionabatement costs are known to the pollutersonly. This paper reports a laboratory experimentalcase prepared at the Department ofEnvironmental Economics, the University ofEconomics in Prague. The comparison withtheoretical computed first-best results underconditions of full information is included.Political and economic aspects of thesuggested approach are also discussed. 相似文献
49.
In 2004, the US current account deficit widened to US $668.1 billion and 5.7 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP). These
numbers, unprecedented both in absolute and relative terms, have led many observers to doubt the stability of the status quo.
To avoid a major crisis resulting from a disorderly adjustment, questions must be answered concerning appropriate policy initiatives
to ensure a more benign correction of external imbalances.
相似文献
50.
The development of customer-based brand equity plays a critical role in tourism. This paper attempts to study which variables contribute to brand equity creation and to examine whether brand loyalty can be considered as a consequence of brand equity in the hotel context. In addition, it seeks to provide more detailed insights into possible asymmetric effects among customer-based brand equity and its drivers and consequences. Four constructs are found to influence significantly brand equity: two perceptual (image and perceived quality) and two relational variables (trust and affective commitment). Additionally, both behavioural and attitudinal components of loyalty are confirmed as brand equity outcomes. The impact-asymmetry analysis reveals that perceived quality does not play a significant role in explaining brand equity, while awareness and trust emerge to have a significant negatively asymmetric impact. The paper is novel as the proposed model includes two new variables that are deemed critical to hospitality research, that is, trust and affective commitment. The relationship structure of the model is new to the literature as loyalty is conceptualized as a consequence of brand equity, thus confirming theoretical assumptions with limited empirical evidence. Finally, it is the first study that examines asymmetric impacts of customer-based brand equity drivers. 相似文献