Tendency to Infer Bribery and Corrupt Intent in Social and Business Situations: Comparing Chinese and Singaporean Employees

The present paper investigates the differences in ethicalperceptions between Chinese and Singaporean employees. Twocontrasting predictions based on socialization theory are testedusing 142 Chinese and 141 Singaporean employees as subjects. Results show that Chinese employees tend to infer a greaterdegree of unethical (bribery and corrupt) intent than Singaporeanemployees in 17 of the 25 ethical vignettes. The converse isfound in only two and no significant differences are found in therest of the vignettes. Implications for international managersand assignees and researchers in international business workingon or in China are discussed.     

关于中小私营企业会计控制的思考

在市场经济体制下,中小私营企业大量出现并不断地发展壮大,为我国的国民经济发展和社会主义建设事业做出了重要的贡献。但是由于计划经济的束缚和传统管理思想和管理方式的影响,中小私营企业会计控制极为薄弱,提供的会计信息严重失真。本文阐述了我国中小私营企业会计控制的基础工作比较薄弱和会计控制制度不健全及形同虚设的现状及其原因,在此基础上分析了构建中小私营企业会计控制体系应遵循的原则,并指出中小私营企业应充分结合其企业经营管理的特点来加强自身的会计控制。     

浅析我国社保基金保值增值运行状况

社保基金关系民生,是老百姓未来生活的保障金,它的保值增值尤为重要,因此,如何规避投资风险,通过合适的投资渠道实现社保基金的安全、保值和增值,成为社保基金运用的一个核心问题。本文通过对目前我国社保基金保值增值运行中各种投资手段的比较分析,提出完善委托投资机制,扩大投资范围,调整资产结构,促进投资多元化的建议,以达到分散投资、规避投资风险的目的。     

Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage, and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies

Various theories have been proposed to explain momentum in stock returns. We test the gradual-information-diffusion model of Hong and Stein (1999) and establish three key results. First, once one moves past the very smallest stocks, the profitability of momentum strategies declines sharply with firm size. Second, holding size fixed, momentum strategies work better among stocks with low analyst coverage. Finally, the effect of analyst coverage is greater for stocks that are past losers than for past winners. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that firm-specific information, especially negative information, diffuses only gradually across the investing public.     

BEEF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FROM SAMPLE FARMS IN NOVA SCOTIA*

The beef production function of different enterprises has been estimated for the sample farms in Nova Scotia. The returns to scale and marginal productivity of resources are derived from the production functions. It indicates decreasing returns to scale and the low marginal productivities of grain, labor, and variable costs for all enterprises. Grain and hay are the most important feeds for beef production. Many beef farms in the province produce more roughage than grain. The marginal rate of substitution of hay for grain is diminishing. Beef farmers can produce equal amounts of product with different combinations of the two feeds. The results provide the possibility of finding the least-cost combination of inputs. This study has specified the optimum input levels under different prices of inputs. It will help beef farmers to allocate their resources properly in order to maximize profits. Les fonctions de production de boeuf de différentes entreprises ont été eslimées à partir de fermes selectionées en Nouvelle-Ecosse. Les économies ?échelle et la productivté marginale des ressources sont dérivées des fonctions de production. On retrouve dans toutes les entreprises des économies ?échelle décroissantes et une faille productivity marginale du grain, du travail et des couts variables. Le grain el le foin constituent la plus importanle source ?alimentation dans la production de boeuf. Plusieurs fermes ?élevage de boef produisent plus de fourrage que de grain. Le laux marginal de substitution du foin pour le grain va en diminuant. Les éleveurs de boeuf peuvent produire des quantités egales par des combinaisons différentes de ces deux aliments. Les résultats ptrmettent de déterminer la combinaison la moins coûteuse pour la consommation des aliments, Cette étude a détérmine les niveaux optime de consommation selon les différents prix des aliments. Elle aidera les producteurs de boeuf à distribuer adéquatement les aliments afin de maximiser les profits.     

Analysis of intermodal freight from China to Indian Ocean: A goal programming approach

This paper presents an intermodal network optimization model to examine the competitiveness of 36 alternative routings for freight moving from China to and beyond Indian Ocean. The proposed model, which is built upon the principles of goal programming, is able to handle multiple and conflicting objective functions such as minimizing transportation cost, transit time and transit time variability while ensuring flow continuity and transit nodes compatibility among the rail, road, ocean vessel, airplane and inland waterway transports. Transportation time and cost obtained from comprehensive industry sources are then fed into the intermodal transport network connecting two important Chinese origins and four Indian destinations, from which the most attractive routes are identified. In addition, the paper investigates several non-dominated transportation cases through sensitivity analysis tests, and analyzes the potential competitiveness and possible influences of future route developments to current transportation patterns in Asia.     

Determinants of de novo new entrant survival in the liberalized intra-European scheduled passenger airline industry

This paper analyzes semi-parametrically the survival odds of de novo entrants in the liberalized intra-European scheduled passenger airline industry with respect to three sets of determinants: strategic positioning, inaugural market entry and network economics. Among these determinants, a ‘low-cost’ strategic position does not confer survival benefits to new entrants. Entering markets with different levels of prior concentrations – which economists traditionally relate to different pricing powers – does not significantly affect the survival odds of new entrants. Entering mid-sized markets adversely affects entrant survival, while entering large, small or new markets at inception does not noticeably impact entrant survival. Network economics that corresponds to low operating costs (aircraft size) is a consistent contributor to entrant survival. In addition, new entrants based in France or Ireland are less likely to survive than others, reflecting the strong negative impact of intermodal competition and a strong, entrenched entrant.     

快速消费品农村市场营销策略研究

本文首先分析了快速消费品和农村市场特点,指出快速消费品发展农村市场的必然性,强调在重视农村市场调研的基础上,结合农村市场消费特点,制定出适合快速消费品农村市场的营销策略。     

Forecasting Employment Growth in Indonesia

This note discusses the dangers of using the employment-output elasticity to forecast employment creation in Indonesia. It demonstrates the unreliability of employment-output elasticity estimates for Indonesia obtained using various methods, and argues, that, in addition to the estimation problems, the elasticity method has inherent weaknesses that should preclude its use to forecast employment growth in a dynamic world.