试论WTO体制下的贸易保护主义及应对策略

贸易保护主义的愈演愈烈，已对WTO的自由贸易体制造成了冲击。对WTO体制下贸易保护主义的表现及特性进行分析，并提出应对策略，是学术界的重要任务。     

Bundling strategy and product differentiation

The existing literature shows that a decrease in the degree of substitutability increases a monopoly’s incentive to bundle. This paper in addition takes into account competition in the second product market and then re-examines how intra-brand and inter-brand product differentiations affect the incentive to bundle. In order to formally examine the above conjectures, this research builds up a two-firm, two-product model in which product 1 (monopoly product) is produced only by the bundling firm and product 2 (competing product) is produced by both firms. The analysis shows that under both Bertrand and Cournot competitions the incentive to bundle does not necessarily increase with the degree of intra-brand differentiation, while it strictly decreases with the degree of inter-brand differentiation. Moreover, under Bertrand competition bundling always decreases consumer surplus, but may increase the competitor’s profit and social surplus. Under Cournot competition bundling always reduces the opponent’s profit and social welfare, but may increase consumer surplus.     

客运企业服务品质综合评价模型研究——基于顾客满意度理论

本文将顾客满意度理论应用于交通运输行业,建立了用于衡量旅客运输企业服务品质的旅客满意度评价理论框架,框架由6个因素组成,其中预期质量、感知质量和感知价值是旅客满意度的原因变量,旅客抱怨和旅客忠诚则是旅客满意度的结果变量。基于上述6变量本文分别设计了评价指标体系,并设计了评价流程。     

Evaluation of medical costs associated with use of new oral anticoagulants compared with standard therapy among venous thromboembolism patients

Objective:

This study evaluated differences in medical costs associated with clinical end-points from randomized clinical trials that compared the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, to standard therapy for treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Research design and methods:

Event rates of efficacy and safety end-points from the clinical trials (RE-COVER, RE-COVER II, EINSTEIN-Pooled, AMPLIFY, Hokusai-VTE trial) were obtained from published literature. Incremental annual medical costs among patients with clinical events from a US payer perspective were obtained from the literature or healthcare claims databases and inflation adjusted to 2013 costs. Differences in total medical costs associated with clinical end-points for the NOACs vs standard therapy were then estimated. One-way and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were carried out.

Results:

A lower rate of major bleedings was associated with use of any of the NOACs vs standard therapy. Except for dabigatran, use of NOACs was also associated with a lower rate of recurrent VTE/death. As a result of the reduction in clinical event rates, the overall medical cost differences were ?$146, ?$482, ?$918, and ?$344 for VTE patients treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively, vs patients treated with standard therapy.

Conclusions:

When any of the four NOACs are used instead of standard therapy for acute VTE, treatment medical costs are reduced. Apixaban is associated with the greatest reduction in medical costs, which is driven by medical cost reductions associated with both efficacy and safety end-points. Further evaluation may be needed to validate these results in the real-world setting.     

瑞典核废料管理经验与启示

瑞典的核废料处置技术和管理模式都处于世界领先之列,特别是乏燃料最终处置计划更是其他各国效仿的对象.文章在对瑞典核废料处置情况作简要概述之后,重点分析了瑞典核废料管理的经验.完善的规划与系统、绝对安全的理念与要求、公众的全程参与和对话,建构了一个特色鲜明的瑞典模式,给我国核废料处置和管理带来很多有价值的启示.     

海峡两岸经济合作:创新与双赢——第二次海峡两岸经济发展论坛综述

2008年5月17～18日,由国际欧亚科学院中国科学中心发起,福建师范大学、厦门大学、福建省社会科学界联合会联合主办的第二次“海峡两岸经济发展论坛（福州）”在福州举行。来自大陆、台湾、香港的知名专家学者、企业界高层人士、120余人参加会议。专家们从两岸经济合作发展的新机遇、制度创新与创造双赢、两岸经济进一步合作的动力、基础与模式、两岸产业合作、建设海峡西岸经济区等方面,阐述了各自的思考、建议与依据。现将论坛的主要观点综述如下。     

关于中国劳动者权利实现因素的分析——以企业劳动关系为视角

企业劳动关系状况受众多因素影响,目前,中国劳动力市场供求矛盾尖锐,企业在全球网络化生产组织中的地位较低,劳动法律体系不完善是造成企业劳动关系紧张的主要因素。     

人民币"币值低估"的实证探讨--从出口贸易角度的解析

最近一段时期,人民币遭遇升值压力,面对这种压力,我们需要回答的关键问题是人民币是否存在如美日等国所强调的“币值低估”问题。本文运用计量经济学的方法,通过对实际数据的检验分析来说明中国出口贸易的增长与长期以来贸易顺差的实现,并不是由人民币币值低估所致。因此,我国政府应当采取以汇率政策为主导,财政政策和货币政策为辅助的多种策略搭配,来缓解人民币升值压力,确保人民币币值稳定。     

浅析案例教学法在《市场营销学》课程教学中的应用

案例教学作为一种新的教学方法,在激发学生创造性思维,提高分析、决策能力方面具有不可替代的优点.但这种方式的运用有许多条件限制,对任课教师也有较高要求.为了使市场营销案例在教学中真正要发挥其效果,必须精心组织,并注意处理好几个应用中的常见问题.     

Efficiency and productivity of the US banking industry, 1998–2005: evidence from the Fourier cost function satisfying global regularity conditions

This paper provides estimates of bank efficiency and productivity in the United States, over the period from 1998 to 2005, using (for the first time) the globally flexible Fourier cost functional form, as originally proposed by Gallant ( 1982 ), and estimated subject to global theoretical regularity conditions, using procedures suggested by Gallant and Golub ( 1984 ). We find that failure to incorporate monotonicity and curvature into the estimation results in mismeasured magnitudes of cost efficiency and misleading rankings of individual banks in terms of cost efficiency. We also find that the largest two subgroups (with assets greater than 1 billion in 1998 dollars) are less efficient than the other subgroups and that the largest four bank subgroups (with assets greater than $ 400 million) experienced significant productivity gains and the smallest eight subgroups experienced insignificant productivity gains or even productivity losses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.