奥运科技成果应用及转化分析

对北京科技奥运8大领域项目承担单位的分布情况进行了统计,总结了奥运科技成果的应用状况,分析了奥运科技成果的应用前景,并有针对性地提出在各领域奥运科技成果转化的对策。     

风险投资、行业经验与创业企业专利组合策略研究

长期以来,对于风险投资能否促进以及如何促进创业企业创新能力在学术界和实践界存在广泛争议,揭示风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响是解决这一问题的关键,但相关研究比较薄弱。以2009-2014年中小板和创业板上市创业企业为样本,利用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）建立实验组和对照组,采用发明专利技术范围和专利重点衡量专利组合策略,实证检验风险投资对创业企业专利组合策略的影响,并进一步检验风险投资是否通过行业经验发挥作用。结果表明,风险投资能拓宽创业企业的专利技术范围,帮助创业企业形成专利重点,风险投资行业经验是影响创业企业专利技术范围的重要因素,但其并未对专利重点发挥作用。研究结论对优化我国创业企业专利战略具有重要实践意义。     

Regulatory and environmental effects on public transit efficiency: a mixed DEA-SFA approach

This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O. Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies, the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public transit networks.      

艾滋病、“现身”媒介的合法性与权利行动的可能——基于《人民日报》与都市报的文本研究

在中国,“同志”一直是一个讳莫如深的媒介议题,作为性存在的一种方式,同志得以“现身”传统大众媒介,往往与某个固定化了的范畴相互勾连,而这些范畴随着时间（历时性的变化）与空间（不同地域）的变化,成为不同的连接点,连接作为群体的同志与国家话语。因此,本文力图透过《人民日报》（1949—2009）与20世纪90年代兴起的以都市报、周末报为代表的市场化报纸等媒介文本,梳理出自改革开放以来,两类报纸勾连同志与国家话语的诸多连接点及其差异,以及这些变化背后深刻的政治与文化意义。     

Time-varying persistence in US inflation

The persistence property of inflation is an important issue not only for economists, but especially for central banks, given that the degree of inflation persistence determines the extent to which central banks can control inflation. Further, not only is it the level of inflation persistence that is important in economic analyses, but also the question of whether the persistence varies over time, for instance, across business cycle phases, is equally pertinent, since assuming constant persistence across states of the economy is sure to lead to misguided policy decisions. Against this backdrop, we extend the literature on long-memory models of inflation persistence for the US economy over the monthly period of 1920:1–2014:5, by developing an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic model with a time-varying memory coefficient which varies across expansions and recessions. In sum, we find that inflation persistence does vary across recessions and expansions, with it being significantly higher in the former than in the latter. As an aside, we also show that persistence of inflation volatility is higher during expansions than in recessions. Understandably, our results have important policy implications.     

安徽省亳州市小麦产业现状与发展策略研究

目的 亳州市位于黄淮麦区,是安徽省小麦种植面积第二大地市,亳州小麦产业化发展对安徽省至关重要,总结亳州小麦产业发展现状,分析其存在的主要问题,为亳州小麦产业化发展提供建议。方法 文章通过对亳州小麦产业和加工企业进行实地调查,委托亳州市农业局和农业科学院组织主题为小麦生产和消费的座谈会,收集小麦种植品种、种植面积以及产量等相关数据,分析小麦产业化发展现状及现存主要问题。结果 亳州市形成以优质强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦为主,弱筋小麦为辅的种植结构,2019年优质专用小麦种植面积占小麦总面积69%。现有规模化面粉企业28家,合计年加工小麦约200万t,消费当地近60%的小麦。小麦产业发展过程中存在“农业合作社规模较小,种植规模和专业技能不足”“订单农业较少,小麦优质不优价”“面粉企业规模较小,下游食品加工企业少”“产业链间的融合不够紧密”等问题。结论 提出“构建大规模小麦加工体系,发挥龙头企业的产业带动作用”“发展农业专业合作组织,实现规模化、标准化、专业化种植”“研发优质品种配套栽培技术,实现良种良法”“打造优质专用小麦生产示范区,培育区域品牌”等策略建议。     

Structural changes,market growth and productivity gains of the US real estate investment trusts in the 1990s

The 1990s were tumultuous times for the US Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) industry. Significant structural changes occurred during the decade, especially after the 1993 Revenue Reconciliation Act, which tremendously boosted the flow of funds into the system by allowing the participation of institutional investors in REITs. As a result, the industry experienced remarkable asset growth during the decade, with a large number of initial public offerings and substantial increases in market capitalization. Employing the Data Envelopment Analysis-type Malmquist index approach, this paper explores the impact of such environmental changes on productivity growth, efficiency change, and technological progress of REITs. Our results indicate that while efficiency of the REITs significantly increased, their average productivity declined and technology regressed during this decade. It appears that the typical REIT has failed to improve technically, but exerted substantial effort to catch up with the best practice ones relying mainly on aggressive growth strategies. However, our empirical results indicate that they might have overextended themselves as most began to suffer from diseconomies of scale.

Bank capital requirements and mandatory deferral of compensation

We analyze the interplay of capital requirements and mandatory deferral of compensation in reducing banks’ risk taking incentives. Two heterogenous banks fund uncorrelated projects with fully diversifiable risk or correlated projects with systematic risk. One of both banks can identify project types and is superior at managing risks. If projects are in abundant supply, full mandatory deferral of compensation is optimal as it allows a larger banking sector without increasing the default risk. With limited supply of projects, deferred compensation may misallocate risky projects to the bank that is inferior at managing risks, so that early compensation may be optimal.     

Asymptotic inference for a one-dimensional simultaneous autoregressive model

A nonstationary simultaneous autoregressive model \({X^{(n)}_k=\alpha \Big(X^{(n)}_{k-1}+X^{(n)}_{k+1}\Big)+\varepsilon_k, k=1, 2, \ldots , n-1}\), is investigated, where \({X^{(n)}_0}\) and \({X^{(n)}_n}\) are given random variables. It is shown that in the unstable case α = 1/2 the least squares estimator of the autoregressive parameter converges to a functional of a standard Wiener process with a rate of convergence n ², while in the stable situation |α| < 1/2 the estimator is biased but asymptotically normal with a rate n ^1/2.