全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6054篇 |
免费 | 256篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 816篇 |
工业经济 | 231篇 |
计划管理 | 1266篇 |
经济学 | 1842篇 |
综合类 | 51篇 |
运输经济 | 159篇 |
旅游经济 | 163篇 |
贸易经济 | 1264篇 |
农业经济 | 198篇 |
经济概况 | 339篇 |
邮电经济 | 4篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 82篇 |
2021年 | 107篇 |
2020年 | 220篇 |
2019年 | 287篇 |
2018年 | 378篇 |
2017年 | 455篇 |
2016年 | 367篇 |
2015年 | 217篇 |
2014年 | 291篇 |
2013年 | 1091篇 |
2012年 | 332篇 |
2011年 | 286篇 |
2010年 | 296篇 |
2009年 | 260篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 186篇 |
2006年 | 158篇 |
2005年 | 158篇 |
2004年 | 119篇 |
2003年 | 100篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 86篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 52篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有6333条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Roberto Rodríguez-Ibeas 《Spanish Economic Review》2006,8(4):271-283
We consider a standard probabilistic model of random monitoring to analyze the interactions between a firm and a monitoring agency in the presence of “green” consumers when compliance payoffs are contingent on monitoring and monitoring costs are shared by the monitoring agency and the firm. When the amount paid by the firms if monitored is exogenously fixed, we find that full compliance is implemented with a finite fine. If there is an upper bound for the fine and the regulator determines endogenously the fine and the amount paid by the firms if monitored, we find that full compliance is also achieved, although the optimal fine is now set at its maximum level. The optimal amount paid by the firms if monitored is lower than the environmental premium the compliant firm gets.The author thanks two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions 相似文献
32.
33.
Jeffrey?P.?CarpenterEmail author Peter?Hans?Matthews Okomboli?Ong’ong’a 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2004,14(4):407-429
Recently economists have become interested in why people who face social dilemmas in the experimental lab use the seemingly incredible threat of punishment to deter free riding. Three theories with evolutionary microfoundations have been developed to explain punishment. We survey these theories and use behavioral data from surveys and experiments to show that the theory called social reciprocity in which people punish norm violators indiscriminately explains punishment best.JEL Classification:
C91, C92, D64, H41
Correspondence to: Jeffrey P. CarpenterWe thank Carolyn Craven, Corinna Noelke and two referees for comments, and Middlebury College for financial assistance. In addition, Carpenter acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (SES-CAREER 0092953). 相似文献
34.
Juan Carlos Bárcena-ruiz María Begoña Garzón 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,24(2):121-139
The purpose of this paper is tostudy how the choice of environmental standardsby governments is affected by the existence ofwage incomes when firms locations areendogenous. In developed countries labor isunionized, which allows positive wage incomesto arise. Thus, each government has incentivesto persuade firms to locate in its countrysince social welfare depends on suchincomes. But, as pollution damages theenvironment, each government will only try toattract polluting firms to thecountry, to obtain the wage incomes, whenthe valuation of environmental damage showsthat it is low. 相似文献
35.
In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force
Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys.
Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to
underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly.
Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities. 相似文献
36.
Björn S. Stefánsson 《Quality and Quantity》1995,29(4):433-438
The theme is Arrow's requirement in his theorem of 1951 on methods for group choice, that the choice be independent of irrelevant alternatives. The attention is drawn to (1) his own explanation of this requirement in 1972, which is a quite different understanding than has been discussed in the voluminous literature on the theorem, (2) that Arrow, in fact, in 1985 showed an understanding for how irrelevant alternatives might in a meaningful way influence the group choice, (3) that admittedly the border-line between irrelevant and relevant alternatives in Arrow's original statement is arbitrary, and (4) that Arrow, if he had observed the final thought in the origin of the group theory by Borda, which he admittedly did not, might have realized that Borda's method stringently estimates the relevance of each alternative for the result.The author expresses his surprise that a theoretical conclusion based on an arbitrary fundament has been admired so long. 相似文献
37.
Antonio Argandoña 《Journal of Business Ethics》1995,14(7):511-530
As a consequence of the collapse of a building in Barcelona, in December 1990, it was discovered that a large number of dwellings, mainly in Barcelona but also in other towns of Catalonia, were affected by a structural defect known as aluminosis, consisting of a deterioration of the reinforced concrete manufactured using aluminous cement, which considerably reduced its strength and that of the steel embedded in the concrete. This brought to light a series of economic, social, political and also moral problems, such as the use of the aluminous cement itself — a quality product but which requires careful handling —, the lack of regulation concerning the product and its use in construction, the poor state of repair of the buildings affected, the careless manner in which they had been built, the lag in technical knowledge, the financial situation of the people affected by the aluminosis, etc.This document provides a full account of the events and their historical, technical, economic and legal background, paying particular attention to the ethical problems created by the situation.Antonio Argandoña is Professor at IESE, the International Graduate School of Management of the University of Navarra in Barcelona (Spain), where he teaches Economics and Business Ethics. He is a member of the Executive Committee of EBEN (European Business Ethics Network), and of the Organizing Committees of the Second (Barcelona, 1989) and Sixth (Oslo, 1993) European Conferences on Business Ethics. He is also co-editor ofPeople in Corporations: Ethical Responsibilities and Corporate Effectiveness (Kluwer, 1990) and author of many articles on business and economics ethics. This article was presented to the Fifth European Conference on Business Ethics (Paris, October 1992). 相似文献
38.
The impressive and spontaneous build-up of the private small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic in 1990–93 coincided with the similarly dramatic changes in the public administration and in the whole environment for decision-making. The resulting problems of SMEs in the Czech Republic seem to be common to all economies in transition. A lot of the problems are caused by the macroeconomic policy for which this sector is not the most important part of the national economy. The paper shows some conflicts between macroeconomic anti-inflationary (monetary and fiscal) policies, and interests of small businesses. The authors stress the importance of SMEs during the period of transition. Informal aspects of the functioning of small firms are discussed, especially their relation with banks and public administration. The paper offers some empirical evidence and available statistics on SMEs developments during 1990–94 focusing particularly on manufacturing. 相似文献
39.
Maril Capelo Bernal Pedro Araú jo Pinz n Concha lvarez-Dardet Espejo 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2005,15(2):145-169
This paper analyses the influence exerted by compulsory mechanisms and cognitive and social factors on the adoption and implementation of double-entry bookkeeping. The study focuses on a small, commercial and family owned company located in Spain in the period 1829-1852. As our main conclusion we suggest that the adoption of double-entry bookkeeping in 1851 was influenced more by the managers' self-perception as traders, and the belief (internal and environmental) that the company must employ an accounting method appropriate to its new commercial status, than by State pressures derived from the enactment of a new accounting regulation in 1829. 相似文献
40.
There is a substantial theoretical literature on the potential effects of loyalty contracts, but relatively little empirical work. We employ the event study methodology to examine the competitive effects of exclusionary contracts in the ocean shipping industry, where they were the subject of an extended legal and political struggle. We find that some of the most important events in this conflict caused significant changes in shipping firms' stock returns, indicating exclusive contracts increased their profits. We then examine the effect of these events on net exporting industries' stock returns, and provide evidence that these contracts contributed to carriers' market power. 相似文献