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61.
Anchor stores 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Planned shopping malls usually have one or more department (anchor) stores and multiple specialized retailers selling substitutable commodities in each commodity category. If consumers know their taste for the anchor's commodity and its price, but learn about a retailer's commodity only by costly search, collocation may benefit both store types. Intra-mall competition reduces markups, but anchors guarantee a minimum surplus from search. A mall with many retailers makes finding a suitable specialized commodity highly probable. For some parameters, additional consumer search dominates the loss in retail markups, so a profit-maximizing land developer would rent mall space to both store types. 相似文献
62.
Rosa M. Barriga Eugenia P. Vanek Katherine H. Mann Arnold Reisman Lawrence T. Kent 《Socio》1990,24(4):273-283
The simulation problem is one of the most commonly used formats in computer-assisted instruction (CAI). In medical education, a patient simulation problem is known as a patient management problem (PMP). A number of computerized PMP systems are currently available. However, to date, there is no record of PMP systems having been developed using artificial intelligence. This is noteworthy since artificial intelligence techniques could help in the generation of more effective and intelligent instructional systems.
This paper analyzes and evaluates existing instructional simulation software in clinical medicine in terms of effective educational design attributes. Components of effective PMP systems thus identified are incorporated into a computerized instructional system which uses artificial intelligence techniques for teaching problem-solving and diagnostic skills to undergraduate medical students. 相似文献
63.
Evan H. Offstein Devi R. Gnyawali Anthony T. Cobb 《Human Resource Management Review》2005,15(4):305-318
Embedded within firms are unique stores of intangible human assets that likely influence the way firms compete. We argue that the human and social capital of a firm, particularly at the upper echelon and board of director (BOD) levels, contribute to the firm's awareness of the competitive environment and its motivation and ability to undertake numerous, complex, and forceful competitive actions. We also suggest that the firm's executive compensation systems moderate the effects of these intangible human assets on firm competitive behavior. By examining how human capital, intra-firm social capital, and executive compensation influence firm competitive behavior, we advance a strategic HRM perspective of firm competitive behavior and outline several implications for future research. 相似文献
64.
Kenneth K. Boyer G.Keong Leong Peter T. Ward Lee J. Krajewski 《Journal of Operations Management》1997,15(4):331-347
This research examines whether investments in advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer aided design (CAD), computer aided manufacturing (CAM), robotics, etc., are more likely to lead to improved performance if they are supported by improvements in the manufacturing infrastructure of the company. This question is evaluated using data gathered from 202 manufacturing plants chosen from industries generally considered to have relatively high investments in technology.Multiple item scales are developed and adapted from sources in the literature to measure investments in technology, infrastructure, and the performance of the plant. Evidence supporting the reliability and validity of these scales is provided. Hierarchical regression is used to analyze the relationship between technology, infrastructure, and performance. The results suggest that there is an important interaction between the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies and investments in infrastructure. Firms that invest in both AMTs and infrastructure perform better than firms which only invest in one or the other. Separate analyses on sub-samples of firms with the highest and lowest investments in AMTs show that infrastructural investments have a stronger relationship with performance in the high investment group. Thus, the data indicate that infrastructural investments provide a key to unlocking the potential of advanced manufacturing technologies. 相似文献
65.
Abstract. In this paper we study the first–order efficiency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator obtained from dependent observations. Our conditions are weaker than usual, in that we do not require convergences in probability to be uniform or third–order derivatives to exist.
The paper builds on Witting and Nolle's result concerning the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator obtained from independent and identically distributed observations, and on a martingale theorem by McLeish. 相似文献
The paper builds on Witting and Nolle's result concerning the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator obtained from independent and identically distributed observations, and on a martingale theorem by McLeish. 相似文献
66.
T. Bettina Cornwell Stephen W. Pruitt John M. Clark 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2005,33(4):401-412
This study presents analysis of the impact of “official product” sports sponsorships with the National Football League (NFL),
Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Hockey League (NHL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the Professional
Golfers Association (PGA) on the stock prices of sponsoring firms. The primary finding of the study is that, in the main,
announcements were accompanied by increases in shareholder wealth. The 53 sponsors analyzed experienced mean increases in
stock valuations of about $257 million. A multiple regression analysis of firm-specific stock price changes and selected corporate
and sponsorship attributes indicates that official product sponsorships with the NBA, NHL, and PGA and those with smaller
market shares were associated with the largest gains in share prices. Although corporate cashflow (a proxy for agency conflicts)
is statistically unrelated to shareholder approval, sponsorships by high-technology companies were associated with stronger
stock price reactions than otherwise. Finally, product congruence with the sponsored sport was positively related to changes
in stock prices.
T. Bettina Cornwell (b.cornwell@business.uq.edu.au) is Professor of Marketing and Leader of the Marketing cluster in the UQ Business School at
the University of Queensland, Australia. She was formerly Professor of Marketing in the Fogelman College of Business and Economics
at the University of Memphis. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas. Her research focuses on promotion and consumer
behavior, especially with regard to international and public policy issues. Other articles on the topic of sponsorship-linked
marketing have recently appeared in theJournal of Advertising, the Journal of Advertising Research, theJournal of Business Research, andPsychology & Marketing.
Stephen W. Pruitt (pruittst@umkc.edu) is the holder of the Arvin Gottlieb/Missouri Endowed Chair of Business Economics and Finance in the Henry
W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He received his Ph.D. from
Florida State University. He has published more than 45 articles, most of which employ event study methodologies, in journals
such as theJournal of Finance, theJournal of Political Economy, Financial Management, theJournal of Public Policy and Marketing, and theJournal of Advertising Research.
John M. Clark (clarkj@cba.usm.edu) is an assistant professor of finance at the University of Southern Mississippi. He received his Ph.D.
from the University of Alabama. His research interests include options and other derivatives, investments, and the impact
of real events upon the stock prices of corporations. His work has appeared in scholarly outlets such as theJournal of Advertising Research, theFinancial Review, and theJournal of Business Ethics. 相似文献
67.
John W. Cadogan Sanna Sundqvist Risto T. Salminen Kaisu Puumalainen 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2005,33(4):520-535
Firms with export operations have internal environments that are often geared toward serving the home market. As a result,
export marketing and other business functions compete for resources, which thus increases the likelihood of conflict between
them. Using survey responses from more than 700 exporting firms, the authors test a model of the antecedents and consequences
of two important interaction variables: exporting’s interfunctional connectedness and conflict. The model explains 52 percent
and 49 percent of variance in exporting connectedness and conflict, respectively. The authors identify the key drivers of
successful interactions as follows: management commitment, organizational training and reward systems, relative functional
identification, centralization, and export employee job satisfaction and commitment. The authors also demonstrate that connectedness
is most critical for export success when export markets are in a state of turbulence, whereas conflict is most detrimental
when the firm’s export environment is stable.
John W. Cadogan (j.w.cadogan@lboro.ac.uk), Ph.D., is a professor of marketing in the Business School at Loughborough University, United Kingdom.
His primary areas of research interest are international marketing, marketing strategy, and sales management. He has published
on these issues in theJournal of International Business Studies, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theInternational Marketing Review, theJournal of Marketing Management, theJournal of Strategic Marketing, and other academic journals. He received his degree from the University of Wales (United Kingdom).
Sanna Sundqvist (sanna.sundqvist@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor in international marketing in the Department of Business Administration at
the Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland). Her research interests deal with the international diffusion of innovations,
market orientation (especially in an international context), and consumers’ adoption behavior. She has published in theJournal of Business Research, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theCanadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, and theAustralasian Marketing Journal. She received her degree from the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.
Risto T. Saiminen (risto.salminen@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor of industrial engineering and management, especially marketing, in the Department
of Industrial Engineering and Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. His primary areas of research
interest are customer relationships and networks in business marketing, pedagogy in industrial engineering and management,
and international marketing. He has published on these issues in theJournal of Business and Industrial Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Management, theEuropean Journal of Engineering Education, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, and theAustralasian Marketing Journal. He received his degree from Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.
Kaisu Puumalainen (kaisu.puumalainen@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor in technology research in the Department of Business Administration at
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her primary areas of research interest are innovation, international marketing,
and small businesses. She has published on these issues in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, theCanadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, theJournal of International Entrepreneurship, theAustralasian Marketing Journal, and theInternational Journal of Production Economics. She received her degree from the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. 相似文献
68.
短期事件对旅游的影响:以中国SARS危机为例 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
通过回顾近年来世界各国发生的短期危机对旅游产生的影响,重点分析2003年的SARS疫情给中国经济特别是旅游业造成的重大损失,讨论了不同的短期危机对旅游的不同影响以及旅游在危机后的不同恢复时间。旅游业对短期危机缺乏足够的防御能力,但通常能较为迅速的走上复苏之路。在这个过程中,适当的危机管理措施和有效的恢复策略是十分重要和不可或缺的。 相似文献
69.
Richard T. Hise D.B.A. Jan P. Muczyk D.B.A. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1977,5(1-2):126-133
Previous studies of the driving times of shopping center patrons have not examined the effect of limited access highways.
This study analyzed the impact of interstate highways on the driving times of 204 shoppers at three medium-sized regional
shopping centers. Those shoppers indicating usage of interstate highways to reach their shopping destinations were significantly
more likely to incur travel times greater than fifteen and twenty minutes than those not using the available interstate roads.
In predicting the drawing power of these shopping centers, factors besides mass were found to be useful. These include square
footage of shopping goods, stores, and number of parking places. 相似文献
70.