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31.
Mahmood Hasan Khan 《World development》1977,5(4):317-323
It is by now a commonly accepted proposition that economic development must involve both growth and equity. That in many countries the subsidization of the owners of large farms is inequitable is also acknowledged. However, the debate on the ‘efficiency’ of large versus small farms continues. If the owners of large farms are not using the crop acreage with greater efficiency than are the small farmers and if there are no economies of scale, then the imposition of ceilings on farm size and land redistribution are clearly the right options to consider.The object of this study is to test two hypotheses. First, there is an inverse relationship between land productivity and farm size. Second, there are no economies of scale in agricultural production. The tests are performed by regression analysis on the farm-level data collected from Pakistan by the author in 1974. The merit of this study is that it deals with a country which, with a few other underdeveloped countries, has been a beneficiary of the ‘Green Revolution’. The available studies on Pakistan agriculture are limited to the aggregate analyses. Interregional micro-level studies are almost non-existent. 相似文献
32.
33.
Mahmood Hasan Khan 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》1969,20(1):133-142
This paper attempts to answer three important questions regarding the consumption of food in Pakistan: (2) What are the recent trends of consumption in the rural and urban areas? (2) What is the likely direction and magnitude of food demand during the period 1961-86? (3) Is the growth of production of food commodities going to be sufficient to meet the requirements by 1970 and thereafter? 相似文献
34.
35.
Companies increasingly embrace the new types of work associated with coworking spaces. Coworking spaces started with the idea of a melting pot of open social interaction, collaboration, entrepreneurship, and innovation for freelancers, new ventures, or solo entrepreneurs. Companies may use coworking spaces to invigorate targets and further motivate and inspire their employees. Fundamental to achieving those targets is the coworking space’s interior design and architecture that incorporates emotional and social values that may benefit companies. Our sociomateriality perspective helps to analyze conditions in coworking spaces and guides suggestions on how companies revitalize by using coworking spaces. The purposeful design of the different social and work areas in coworking spaces can improve communication, collaboration, and innovation in companies. 相似文献
36.
M. Adam Mahmood Mikko Siponen Francisco J. López Anthony Vance 《Journal of Organizational Computing & Electronic Commerce》2013,23(3):256-279
This research investigates whether firms using e-commerce technologies are successful in generating business value and, if so, which e-commerce drivers determine this success and how firms should use these drivers. There is no systematic empirical evidence in the IT productivity and business value literature regarding the payoffs a business receives from its e-business initiatives. The current research contributes to the literature in the e-commerce area by identifying a set of e-business value constructs, incorporating these constructs in a model in a manner not done before, and empirically validating the model using an Analysis of MOment Structures (AMOS)/?Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The present research also contributes to the e-business value literature by providing insights into causal relationships among Rogers' innovation and diffusion theory (IDT) factors. This is the first time a research study has empirically established comprehensive causal relationships among these factors. The SEM analysis of the model indicates that the proposed model is able to explain e-commerce success utilizing the constructs identified and grounded using IT business value literature and Rogers' IDT. We conclude by summarizing its contributions to the IT literature, in general, and the e-business literature, in particular, and by providing insights for practice and suggestions for future research. 相似文献
37.
This paper draws attention to the innovative but neglected workof Hans Singer on the dynamics of unemployment. Influenced byKeynes, in the late 1930s Singer enquired into the relationshipbetween the inflow into unemploymentresulting primarilyfrom (involuntary) separations from employmentand thesize of the resultant fluctuations in the level of unemployment.His focus was on the determinants of the severitymeasuredin terms of how far unemployment risesof recessions.We illustrate his approach by looking at quarterly data forthe claimant count and its associated inflow and outflow inthe UK over the period 19892003, a period which includesone major recession episode. In addition to drawing attentionto Singer's ideas, the paper also extends his model by takinginto account recent empirical evidence on the behaviour of oneof the key variables in his model. We argue that, with thisextension, Singer's elegant and parsimonious model of unemploymentdynamics is a useful complement to Keynes's ideas on the fluctuationsin aggregate demand and output, and is of contemporary relevance. 相似文献
38.
ABSTRACTAlthough the steep decline in oil prices has inflicted havoc on Iraq’s public finances, critical analyses of the budgetary decisions and processes post-US invasion have uncovered other factors that have impeded Iraq’s economic progress. The authors evaluate Iraq’s budgets for the period 2003 through 2012 from three perspectives: legislative framework, revenue and expenditure, and monitoring. One of their primary findings is that Iraq has been operating at a surplus in excess of $85 billion. This finding contradicts officials who claim that Iraq has been operating at a large deficit. The authors explain why Iraq’s current budgetary practices of preparing, ratifying, executing and monitoring the country’s federal budget is fundamentally deficient, and much work is needed to reform its public financial management (PFM) system to bring it up to best international practices. 相似文献
39.
While strategy researchers have devoted considerable attention to the role of firm‐specific capabilities in the pursuit of competitive advantage, less attention has been directed at how firms obtain these capabilities from outside their boundaries. In this study, we examine how firms' multiplex network ties in business groups represent one important source of capability acquisition. Our focus allows us to go beyond the traditional focus on network structure and offer a novel contingency model that specifies how different types of network ties (e.g., buyer‐supplier, equity, and director), individually and in complementary combination, will differentially affect the process of R&D capability acquisition. We also offer an original analysis of how other aspects of network structure (i.e., network density) in business groups affect the efficacy of network ties on R&D capability. Empirically, we provide an original contribution to the capabilities literature by utilizing a stochastic frontier estimation to rigorously measure firm capabilities, and we demonstrate the value of this approach using longitudinal data on business groups in emerging economies. We close by discussing the implications of our supportive results for future research on firm capabilities, organizational networks, and business groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Norman A. Chitra G. Chou J. Chowdhury M. Dalal A. Fortson K. Jagdish V. Mahmood K. 《NETNOMICS》2000,2(1):57-73
Economics 304KH and 304LH at The University of Texas at Austin are introductory honors economics courses. Our goal was to
provide students with more advanced material than available in introductory textbooks, such as a discussion of microeconomics
based on one‐dimensional calculus and a survey of macroeconomics based on economic models. The supplemental material consists
of Web course notes, on‐line quizzes, simulation and data modules and group interactive modules. This paper focuses on the
development of Web economic course materials. We discuss the difficulties of programming mathematical instructional material
in HTML and the coming solution in XML, JavaScript, and Java. The effectiveness of the on‐line course materials are also evaluated
based on student responses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献