全文获取类型
收费全文 | 628篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 139篇 |
工业经济 | 34篇 |
计划管理 | 106篇 |
经济学 | 157篇 |
运输经济 | 12篇 |
旅游经济 | 13篇 |
贸易经济 | 133篇 |
农业经济 | 21篇 |
经济概况 | 29篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 29篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 23篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有647条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
Kurt Hornik Rainer Jankowitsch Manuel Lingo Stefan Pichler Gerhard Winkler 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2010,24(3):271-287
In this study, we empirically analyze the determinants of heterogeneity in rating assessments across different segments of
the European loan market. We conduct a benchmarking analysis using rating information on European corporate obligors from
nine major Austrian banks that have a large share of foreign lending, particularly in the Central and Eastern European region.
We provide evidence that, generally, overall heterogeneity among rating outcomes for foreign markets is higher than for domestic
markets. Furthermore, we show that heterogeneity increases in transition economies and those markets where Austrian bank involvement
is relatively low. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that heterogeneity in the assessment of credit risk is determined
not only by the objective quality of information, which is deemed to be lower in transition economies, but also by the subjective
access to information about obligors measured by the level of domestic bank involvement in the respective foreign market.
Furthermore, we quantify potential effects on regulatory capital requirements. 相似文献
92.
Prices for emission allowances in Europe’s Emissions Trading System (ETS) have remained low for many years. This has given rise to controversies on whether there is a need for a fundamental reform of the ETS. Potential reform proposals include the introduction of a price fl oor for certifi cates and a market stability reserve, which is a rule-based mechanism for steering the market volume of allowances and is the preferred approach of the European Commission. In this article, we instead recommend retaining the ETS and suggest correcting past mistakes by a single intervention. 相似文献
93.
Enrique José Jiménez-Rodriguez José Manuel Feria-Dominguez José Luis Martin-Marin 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2009,8(6):15-21,29
The main objective of this paper is to estimate the economic capital for covering the external fraud risk within a financial institution. This is a kind of operational risk which is due to acts of a type intended to defraud, misappropriate property or circumvent the law, by a third party. From the methodological point of view, we apply the Loss Distribution Approach (LDA), based on the Internal Operational Loss Database (IOLD) provided by a Spanish Saving Bank. More specifically, we asses the potential impact of the severity distribution on the Capital at Risk (CAR). In absence of normality, we try to adjust the Lognormal, Weibull and Exponential functions when modelling the severity of losses. As a result, we find a high divergence in terms of capital charge depending on the statistical model selected. In consequence, in order to obtain a realistic model, we highlight the relevance of the goodness of fit between the empirical and the theoretical distribution. 相似文献
94.
Along with the oil price, concerns about the security of energy supply have soared once again in recent years. In this paper, we analyze Germany’s past und future energy security situation and compare it to that of other G7 countries using a statistical indicator of the long-term energy supply risk and empirical energy data for the years 1978 through 2007. We find that Germany’s energy supply risk has increased substantially since the oil price crises of the 1970s, whereas France and Japan have managed to reduce their risks dramatically, most notably through the deployment of nuclear power plants. Among G7 countries, Germany’s risk is only surpassed by that of Italy, while it can be expected that the German energy security situation may deteriorate in the future, not least due to the phase-out of nuclear power. 相似文献
95.
96.
Manuel G. Ramirez Xiaoli Niu Josh Epstein Dongyan Yang 《Journal of medical economics》2018,21(10):1041-1046
Background: A five-year retrospective database analysis comparing the use of Floseal1 flowable topical hemostat alone (F) and in combination with gelatin/thrombin (F?+?G/T) to achieve hemostasis and control surgical bleeding showed higher resource utilization for F?+?G/T cases relative to F matched pairs during spinal surgery. Lower resource use in the F group was characterized by shorter hospital length of stay and surgical time as well as fewer blood transfusions and less hemostat agent used per surgery.Objective: To evaluate the cost–consequence of using F compared to F?+?G/T in minor, major and severe spinal surgery from the US hospital perspective.Methods: A cost–consequence model was developed using the US hospital perspective. Model inputs include clinical inputs from the literature, cost inputs (hemostatic matrices, blood product transfusion, hospital stay and operating room time) from the literature, and an analysis of annual spine surgery volume (minor, major and severe) using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Costs are reported in 2017?US dollars. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses address sources of variability in the results.Results: A medium-volume hospital (130 spine surgeries per year) using F versus F?+?G/T for spine surgeries is expected to require 85 less hours of surgical time, 58 fewer hospital days and 7 fewer blood transfusions in addition to hemostat volume savings (F: 1?mL, thrombin: 1994?mL). The cost savings associated with the hospital resources for a medium-volume hospital are expected to be $317,959 (surgical hours?=?$154,746, hospital days?=?$125,237, blood transfusions?=?$19,023, hemostatic agents?=?$18,953) or $2445 per spine surgery.Conclusions: The use of F versus F?+?G/T could lead to annual cost savings for US hospitals performing a low to high volume of spinal surgeries per year. 相似文献
97.
98.
Manuel Espitia Escuer Yolanda Polo Redondo Vicente Salas Fumás 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(4):295-307
This paper is an empirical study of the determinants of adoption time for the teleprocess terminal by Spanish commercial and savings banks. The explanatory variables include the characteristics of the adopting firms, size, and in the case of the savings banks, the structure of the market and concentration. The results indicate that the speed of adoption is maximized at intermediate levels of size and market concentration, confirming one theoretical prediction of models of diffusion: namely, that adoption time is minimized at intermediate levels of market concentration. 相似文献
99.
Paloma Lopez-Garcia Jose Manuel Montero 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(7):589-612
This paper investigates whether the existence of knowledge spillovers and the capacity of firms to assimilate them, which we relate with R&D intensity and some human resource management practices, are associated with the decision to innovate of Spanish firms. In order to do this, we employ data from the ‘Central de Balances’ database, which covers both manufacturing and services firms during the period 2003–2007, and use an estimator proposed by Wooldridge [2005. Simple solutions to the initial conditions problem in dynamic nonlinear panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity. Journal of Applied Econometrics 20, no. 1: 39–54] for dynamic random effects discrete choice models. The empirical exercise provides evidence on the positive link between spillovers and the innovative behaviour of companies, not just for the knowledge generated in the same industry, but also for that generated in the same region or by the public sector. Moreover, this link is stronger for those firms with a higher capacity to absorb those spillovers. This ability not only works through firms’ R&D capabilities, but also through factors such as the quality of the labour force, the share of temporary employment and the amount of resources spent in training. In addition to these factors, we find that innovation performance exhibits a high degree of inertia. Further, some other observed firm characteristics, such as size, sales growth, export behaviour, sector capital intensity or financial structure variables, are also found to be relevant determinants of the likelihood of innovation. 相似文献
100.
This paper explores the patterns of citations among patents taken out by inventors in the U.S., the U.K., Francc. Germany and Japan. We find (I) patents assigned to the same firm are more likely to cite each other, and come sooncr than other citations; (2) patents in the same patent class are approxinlatcly 100 titlles as likely to cite each other as ydtents froin different patent classes, but there is not a strong time pattern to this effect; (3) patents whose inventors reside in the same country are typically 30 to 80% more likely to cite each other than inventors from othcr countrics, and these citations come sooner; and (4) there are clear country-specific citation tendencies, e.g., Japanese citations typically come sooner than those of othcr countries. 相似文献