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71.
Anna Batyra David de la Croix Olivier Pierrard Henri R. Sneessens 《The German Economic Review》2019,20(4):e38-e69
The rise of early retirement in Europe is typically attributed to the European system of taxes and transfers. A model with an imperfectly competitive labor market allows us to consider also the effects of bargaining power and of matching efficiency on pre‐retirement. We find that lower bargaining power of workers and declining matching efficiency have been important determinants of early retirement in France and Germany. These structural changes, combined with early retirement transfers and population aging, are also consistent with the employment and unemployment rates, labor share and seniority premia. 相似文献
72.
The bidirectional causal links between high-skilled emigration and poverty can give rise to multiple equilibria and coordination
failures. Two countries sharing identical characteristics may end up in either a “low poverty-low brain drain” equilibrium
or in a “high poverty-high brain drain” equilibrium. In this paper, we build a model which endogenizes high-skilled emigration
and economic performances in order to derive the conditions under which multiplicity occurs. After identifying country-specific
parameters, we find that in the majority of developing countries, the best equilibrium is selected and that the observed brain
drain is inevitable. In 22 small developing countries however, the worse equilibrium prevails, implying that poverty and brain
drain are increased by coordination failure. These countries require appropriate development policies, such as a temporary
subsidization of the repatriation of their high-skilled expatriates. Our results are robust to the inclusion of a brain gain
mechanism. 相似文献
73.
Journal of Productivity Analysis - Using firm-level panel data we analyze the misallocation of capital and labor for the Netherlands in the period 2001–2017. We use the dispersion in marginal... 相似文献
74.
N. Arranz Author Vitae J.C. Fdez. de Arroyabe Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2007,74(5):645-662
This paper analyses governance structures used to organize partnerships in R&D networks using two approaches: transaction costs theory and social capital theory. We argue that these theories are complementary; this explains forms of governance through the degrees of administrative (structural and safeguard mechanism) and social factors (cohesion and openness) they embody. Data was obtained from European R&D networks created through Framework Programmes which include a great number of universities, non profit institutions and firms. Findings show the variables that characterize and explain the governance forms based on the applicability of R&D networks. This study not only provides a theoretical model for analysing governance structures of these networks, but is also useful for both improving the management of networks and for fostering collaboration at an international level. 相似文献
75.
Constitutional Political Economy - In this paper, we examine the relationship between socioeconomic vulnerabilities and due process violations in contemporary Mexico, using a novel survey of... 相似文献
76.
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of fertility on the decision of labour force participation of married females
in Spain, allowing for the existence of unobserved characteristics that affect both fertility and participation. We use a
pooling of five waves of the European Household Panel for Spain (1994–1998). Results indicate that not taking into account
the unobserved characteristics that affect both variables imposes on average a strong downward bias on the true effect of
fertility on participation. This bias is especially strong for highly educated females.
We are grateful to Raquel Carrasco and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Financial support from Gobierno Vasco (PI-1999-160)),
Ministry of Education and Science (BE2000-1394), Instituto de la Mujer and Universidad del País Vasco (UPV 00035.321-13511/2001)
is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
77.
María Arnal Sarasa Carlos de Castro Pericacho María Paz Martín Martín 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2020,44(2):111-121
In this article, we focus on consumption in a context of economic hardship. From an empirical perspective, and using a qualitative methodology, we show how disadvantaged individuals and households maintain a level of consumption commensurate with the society in which they are integrated through a type of consumption conceived of here as “resilient”. Resilient consumption is characterized by being a type of expenditure oriented towards maintaining the role of consumer, that is, maintaining a minimum level of purchasing power, modifying to this end both the level and the structure of consumption, both of which are key elements in the resilience process. We identify five main strategies used by households that modify and restructure the consumption of basic goods and necessities in response to economic hardship. Key resilient consumption strategies include: reduction (cutting down on spending), substitution (replacement of one difficulty with another), compensation (pseudo‐consumption or reduced usage), transference (meta‐resilience) and integration (reinterpretation of difficulties as opportunities). We conclude that although consumption is a naturally resilient behaviour, in a crisis context, resilient practices focus on maintaining acquisition capacity in spite of reduced income. 相似文献
78.
Empirical Economics - This paper analyses the determinants of net interest margin, focusing on the impact of interest rates and the slope of the yield curve, using a broad panel of data from 32... 相似文献
79.
We introduce an irregular network structure into a model of frictional, on‐the‐job search in which workers find jobs through their network connections or directly from firms. We show network‐found jobs have higher wages, and thus better‐connected workers climb the job ladder faster. The mean field approach allows us to formulate heterogeneous workers' recursive problem tractably. Our calibration is consistent with several empirical findings because of a composition—not information—effect. We also introduce new model‐consistent evidence: Job‐to‐job switches at higher ladder rungs are more likely to use networks. 相似文献
80.
Marco de Pinto 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2019,121(1):298-325
How are unemployment and output affected if wages are set on the sector level rather than firm level? We take a new look at this question, allowing for heterogeneous firms and rent‐sharing motives. Without these motives, employment and output are lower under sector‐level wage‐setting due to higher wage markups. With rent‐sharing motives, however, firm selection is higher under sector‐level wage‐setting, which tends to increase employment and output, thus counteracting the markup effect. Simulations show that the firm‐selection effect decreases the difference between the two unionization structures substantially but it does not change the signs of the effects on output and employment. 相似文献