全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4059篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 595篇 |
工业经济 | 200篇 |
计划管理 | 762篇 |
经济学 | 1144篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
运输经济 | 18篇 |
旅游经济 | 7篇 |
贸易经济 | 993篇 |
农业经济 | 35篇 |
经济概况 | 252篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 53篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 44篇 |
2019年 | 64篇 |
2018年 | 230篇 |
2017年 | 204篇 |
2016年 | 221篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 122篇 |
2012年 | 380篇 |
2011年 | 286篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 99篇 |
2008年 | 104篇 |
2007年 | 76篇 |
2006年 | 130篇 |
2005年 | 970篇 |
2004年 | 487篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
1930年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4085条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Summary. We present an example of a small open economy where small increases in the world interest rate may induce a sharp decline in output and a precipitous depreciation of the exchange rate. Due to a costly state verification problem in domestic credit markets, combined with unrestricted international capital flows, our economy generates two long-run equilibria, one with low GDP and a relatively depreciated real exchange rate (RER), and one with high GDP and a relatively appreciated RER. The first is always a saddle, while the second may be a sink or a source, depending on the level of the world interest rate. A crisis is identified with the economy switching from an equilibrium path approaching the high-output steady state to the saddlepath approaching the low-output steady state. In Mexicos recent history, periods of growth associated with appreciation of the RER have alternated with periods of sharp contraction and depreciation of the RER. Our economy displays such behavior in response to changes in the world interest rate.Received: 9 April 2002, Revised: 20 March 2003JEL Classification Numbers:
E5, F4.G. Antinolfi, E. Huybens: We thank Steve Fazzari, Tim Kehoe, Todd Keister, Manuel Santos, Karl Shell and especially Bruce Smith for very helpful discussions. Jaime Calleja Alderete, Eduardo Camero Godínez, and Juan Vargas Hernández provided excellent research assistance. All remaining errors are ours. Huybens was an assistant professor in the Centro de Investigación Económica, ITAM, at the time this article was written, and part of this work was completed while Antinolfi was a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not reflect those of the World Bank or the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Correspondence to: G. Antinolfi 相似文献
72.
In this paper we analyze technological change in the Spanish economy by constructing adjusted Solow residuals, where the adjustment attempts to correct for the bias associated with the potential presence of imperfect competition, increasing returns, variable input utilization and, especially, sectoral reallocation of inputs across sectors. We refer to this modified Solow residual as a technology index. Sectoral reallocations and variable input utilization are key determinants of the differences between the aggregate Solow residual and the technology index resulting from the aggregation of estimated sectoral technological growth. We show that starting in the mid nineties, there has been a deceleration in the aggregate growth rate of technology which is basically due to the behaviour of the manufacturing sectors. Finally, our results imply that aggregate technology growth is less volatile than aggregate productivity as measured by the Solow residual. 相似文献
73.
In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of
policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete
abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences
in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes,
emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers).
We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of
the different instruments. 相似文献
74.
75.
We investigate the interplay between environmental policy, incentives to adoptnew technology, and repercussions on R&D. We study a model where a monopolistic upstream firm engages in R&D and sells advanced
abatement technology to polluting downstream firms. We consider four different timing and commitment regimes of environmental
tax and permit policies: ex post taxation (or issuing permits), interim commitment to a tax rate (a quota of permits) after
observing R&D success but before adoption, and finally two types of ex antecommitment before R&D activity, one with a unique tax rate (quota of permits), the other one with a menu of tax rates (permit
quotas). We study the second best tax and permit policies and rank these with respect to welfare. In particular, we find that
commitment to a menu of tax rate dominates all other policy regimes. 相似文献
76.
Synopsis It has been difficult to make progress in the study of ethnicity and nationalism because of the multiple confusions of analytic
and lay terms, and the sheer lack of terminological standardization (often even within the same article). This makes a conceptual
cleaning-up unavoidable, and it is especially salutary to attempt it now that more economists are becoming interested in the
effects of identity on behavior, so that they may begin with the best conceptual tools possible. My approach to these questions
has been informed by anthropological and evolutionary-psychological questions. I will focus primarily on the terms ‘ethnic
group’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationalism’, and I will make the following points: (1) so-called ‘ethnic groups’ are collections of
people with a common cultural identity, plus an ideology of membership by descent and normative endogamy; (2) the ‘group’
in ‘ethnic group’ is a misleading misnomer—these are not ‘groups’ but categories, so I propose to call them ‘ethnies’; (3) ‘nationalism’ mostly refers to the recent ideology that ethnies—cultural communities
with a self-conscious ideology of self-sufficient reproduction—be made politically sovereign; (4) it is very confusing to
use ‘nationalism’ also to stand for ‘loyalty to a multi-ethnic state’ because this is the exact opposite; (5) a ‘nation’ truly
exists only in a politician’s imagination, so analysts should not pretend that establishing whether something ‘really’ is
or is not ‘a nation’ matters; (6) a big analytic cost is paid every time an ‘ethnie’ is called a ‘nation’ because this mobilizes
the intuition that nationalism is indispensable to ethnic organization (not true), which thereby confuses the very historical
process—namely, the recent historical emergence of nationalism—that must be explained; (7) another analytical cost is paid
when scholars pretend that ethnicity is a form of kinship—it is not. 相似文献
77.
The paper demonstrates how various parametric models for duration data such as the exponential, Weibull, and log-normal may be embedded in a single framework, and how such competing models may be assessed relative to a more comprehensive one. To illustrate the issues addressed, the survival patterns of marriages among 1203 Swedish men born 1936–1964 are studied by parametric and non-parametric survival methods. In particular, we study the sensitivity of model-choice with respect to level of aggregation of the time variable; and of covariate-effects with respect to the model chosen. In accordance with previous works our empirical results indicate that the choice of a parametric model for the duration variable is affected by the level of time aggregation. In contrast to previous results, however, our analysis shows that estimates of covariate effects are not always robust to distributional assumptions for the duration variable. 相似文献
78.
79.
Three main objectives are pursued in this paper. First, we intend to analyze the aggregation problem of directional distance functions from a constructive viewpoint. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions concerning the structural properties of the production technology and of the nature of groups of firms. Indeed, exact additive aggregation holds for a linear technology and for a direction solely defined in the output space. Second, since these conditions are somewhat restrictive, we are interested in providing a measure for the aggregation bias through the relationship between industrial and structural technical efficiency. Finally, we show that this aggregation bias is a lower bound for industrial allocative efficiency. 相似文献
80.
Marco Dardi 《International Review of Economics》2006,53(4):476-490
Pareto initiated the shift of economic theory from utility/preference to choice in order to fill a gap between theoretical
and empirical economics. His suggestions for an empirically-oriented theory of choice were to be developed decades later in
the literature on revealed preference and on the conditions of equivalence between preference-based and choice-based axiomatic
structures. In the process, however, substantial departures from Pareto’s implicit design of the situation of choice were
introduced. In this paper, the conditions for the rationalizability of choice are re-defined so that they fit the type of
situation that Pareto had in mind. The result is that the main consistency axioms of standard choice theory have to give way
to a different combination of axioms that concern decisiveness as well as consistency. (JEL:B13, D01, D11). 相似文献