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81.
Occupational licensing regulations require workers in many different professions to obtain a special permit to work legally in their chosen field. Although professional associations argue that the only goal of professional licensing is to protect the public, occupational regulation may also reduce competition: for example, by reducing entry. This paper reviews the recent literature and policy developments on the subject, with a focus on the European Union.
相似文献82.
Mario Tirelli 《Decisions in Economics and Finance》2003,26(2):97-128
We investigate the welfare effects of proportional income taxation in a standard general equilibrium model with incomplete
markets (GEI). Formally, our analysis is on the allocative effects of state-contingent income tax reforms. Tax reforms are restricted to be anonymous, publicly and truthfully announced before markets open, and they are required
to result in an ex-post constrained efficient allocation. Our main result is to show that there do typically exist contingent
tax reforms that are Pareto improving. These reforms, acting directly on the asset span, modify private risk-sharing opportunities.
Thus, unlike most of the GEI literature, the type of policy transmission mechanism considered does not rely on second-order,
relative spot price effects. Yet, the key welfare effects of our tax reforms are substantially equivalent to those induced
through changes in relative spot prices, as, for example, in Geanakoplos and Polemarchakis (1986), Geanakoplos et al. (1990),
or in Citanna et al. (2001).
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 58E17, 46N10, 93B29
Journal of Economic Literature Classification: D52, H21, H24, H25 相似文献
83.
In his recent book, Yuichi Shionoya departs from previous Schumpeterianstudies. He sets out to reconstruct Schumpeter's metatheoreticalframework, which he argues is the key to a correct interpretationof his substantive writings. The centrepiece of this projectis the thesis that Schumpeter has a coherent methodologicalpositioninstrumentalismwhich consistently underpinshis theoretical work. The present paper examines this thesis,and in so doing paves the way for an alternative hypothesison Schumpeter. This hypothesis is based on Tony Lawson's workon the philosophy of economics. 相似文献
84.
Mario Meichle Angelo Ranaldo Attilio Zanetti 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2011,25(4):435-453
We analyze the forecasting ability of financial variables to predict the state of the Swiss business cycle up to eight quarters ahead. Overall, our results suggest that financial variables convey leading information for the prediction of business cycles, even when applied to a small open economy. However, we clearly find that model specifications need to be extended to include variables accounting for external shocks, such as exchange rates or international commodity prices. It also appears that the forecasting contribution of individual variables changes over time. Specifically, in the last two decades, stock market liquidity has replaced the term spread as the best single predictor. 相似文献
85.
Claudia Gabbioneta Royston Greenwood Pietro Mazzola Mario Minoja 《Accounting, Organizations and Society》2013,38(6-7):484-504
This paper examines the relationship between the institutional environment and sustained corporate illegality. We find that cognitive assumptions generate expectations that can, under specific circumstances, induce organizations to amplify illegal actions and that serve to lessen regulatory scrutiny. We also find that, once initiated, illegal actions can become hidden because of institutionalized practices that enable their concealment and that weaken the prospect of detection. These processes and effects are particularly noticeable in networks of professional regulators who become mutually over-confident and over-influenced by each other to the extent that their independent critical assessments and judgements are compromised. Mechanisms of mimetic herding and social humiliation compromise independence of judgement. Networks of interacting professionals are thus vulnerable to a collectively induced lowering of regulatory vigilance. 相似文献
86.
Francesco Caracciolo Pegah Amani Carla Cavallo Luigi Cembalo Mario D'Amico Teresa Del Giudice 《International Journal of Sustainable Transportation》2018,12(4):233-240
The transport phase is one of the crucial stages that can be improved to reduce the environmental impact of the fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain. In this paper, we calculate the environmental impact of feasible logistic alternatives for the above-mentioned supply chain so as to identify the type of transportation that incurs the lowest environmental costs. Specifically, we consider the early potato supply chain as a case study, as it involves one of the main fresh vegetables exported from Italy. Consumers' willingness to pay for the environmental impact of different logistic chains was obtained through life cycle assessment. Our results show that rail transport could reduce environmental impact in terms of tons of oil equivalent, environmental loads, and fuel consumption while ensuring reasonable shipment times. Development of an efficient rail transport system would be positively considered by consumers, enhancing their preferences for Italian products. 相似文献
87.
88.
Prior empirical research on the relation between credit risk and the business cycle has failed to properly investigate the presence of asymmetric effects. To fill this gap, we examine this relation both at the aggregate and the bank level exploiting a unique dataset on Italian banks’ borrowers’ default rates. We employ threshold regression models that allow to endogenously establish different regimes identified by the thresholds over/below which credit risk is more/less cyclical. We find that not only are the effects of the business cycle on credit risk more pronounced during downturns but cyclicality is also higher for those banks with riskier portfolios. 相似文献
89.
Mario I. Blejer 《Economics Letters》1979,2(4):337-341
Time series evidence is used to examine the relationship between the level of inflation and its variability in Latin American countries. 相似文献
90.