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161.
The technological capabilities of nations: The state of the art of synthetic indicators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Daniele Archibugi Author Vitae Mario Denni Author Vitae Andrea Filippetti Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2009,76(7):917-931
Composite synthetic indicators of the technological capabilities of nations have been used more frequently over the last years becoming a sort of Olympic medal table of the innovation race. The European Commission, specialised United Nations Agencies, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, and individual scholars have developed several of these measurement tools at macroeconomic level. All these indicators are based on a variety of statistical sources in order to capture the multidimensional nature of technological change. This paper reviews these various exercises and: i) it brings into light the explicit and implicit assumptions on the nature of technological change; ii) it discusses their pros and cons; and iii) it explores the consistency among the results achieved. Most of the final rankings at the country level are fairly consistent, but significant discrepancies for some nations emerge. The value of synthetic indicators of technological capabilities for public policy, company strategies and economic studies is finally discussed. 相似文献
162.
Methodological comments on critical realism in economics haveproliferated over the past decade—typically focusing onTony Lawson's Economics and Reality and Reorienting Economics,which constitute the core of this project. In the present paperwe select a series of important, mostly very recent argumentsagainst critical realism in economics and assess their meritsand demerits. 相似文献
163.
The Home Market Effect in Models with Multinational Enterprises 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mario Larch 《Review of International Economics》2007,15(1):62-74
Trade patterns in new trade theory models and agglomeration patterns in new economic geography models crucially depend on the effect that a higher local demand leads to a larger share of production of these products, namely the home market effect. Multinationals can exploit higher foreign demand without incurring transport costs by setting up a plant abroad. This paper demonstrates that in the presence of multinationals the home market effect appears even in cases where it otherwise would not. But it works via a different channel, relying on the repatriation of profits rather than on interindustry trade. 相似文献
164.
Nous mesurons à l’aide du DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) l’efficacité des caisses populaires acadiennes en utilisant la valeur des produits d’intermédiation ainsi que le nombre de transactions réalisées par chaque caisse entre 1997 et 2000, au moment où un important programme de fusions et de réingénierie financière était mis en place. Cette analyse permet d’établir plusieurs résultats. Tout d’abord, l’inclusion des produits transactionnels réduit environ de moitié l’inefficacité technique et économique par rapport à l’inefficacité obtenue lorsque l’output des caisses est limité seulement aux produits transactionnels. Un algorithme d’auto‐amorçage permet de vérifier que ce résultat est statistiquement significatif. Ensuite, nous montrons que le programme de fusions a touché surtout les caisses moins efficaces et a permis d’augmenter de façon importante leur efficacité grâce à une baisse du nombre d’employés en équivalent temps complet. Finalement, nous montrons que d’importants progrès technologiques ont été réalisés entre 1997 et 2000 en raison de l’accroissement du nombre de transactions informatisées. Des gains additionnels de productivité ont été rendus possible grâce à l’amélioration de l’efficacité des caisses ayant participéà une fusion tandis que les caisses n’ayant pas fusionné, bien que plus efficaces au départ que les autres, n’ont pas réalisé de gains d’efficacité. 相似文献
165.
Mario Scerri 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2008,76(4):749-764
This paper explores possible reasons for the long and enduring dominance of neoclassical theory over the undergraduate microeconomics textbook. It proposes that those very attributes of neoclassical microeconomics that raise serious theoretical misgivings constitute the basis for the current hegemony of the standard undergraduate textbook. It further discusses the effects of the standard text on the education of economists in developing countries and conditions of the entrenchment of this text in undergraduate teaching. Finally, it looks at the possibilities of the emergence of alternative textbooks both in the centre and in the periphery of the global academic map. 相似文献
166.
In this paper, we evaluate the economic cost of the Islamic State on the Syrian and Iraqi economies from 2010 to 2016. To do so, we use the Post-Terrorism Final Economic Damage Simulator—PTFED-Simulator. The PTFED-Simulator assesses the economic damage of terrorism based on ten different indicators: (1) total regional terrorism tension (?Tt); (2) harmonized anti-terrorist strategy (AT+); (3) war losses from terrorism (?πt); (4) total economic leakage from terrorism (?Ψt); (5) economic desgrowth from terrorism (?δt); (6) military dimension of terrorism (MDt); (7) post-terrorism economic damage (?Πt); (8) post terrorism economic damage evaluation; (9) post-terrorism reconstruction plan (PTRt); and (10) terrorism effect on mega-disk networks mapping. Overall, we seek to evaluate the impact of terrorism on economic performance from a multi-dimensional perspective in both the short run and long run. 相似文献
167.
168.
169.
Yongjian Fu Ming‐Yi Shih Mario Creado Chunhua Ju 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2002,11(1):39-53
In this paper, an approach for reorganizing Web sites based on user access patterns is proposed. Our goal is to build adaptive Web sites by evolving site structure to facilitate user access. The approach consists of three steps: preprocessing, page classification, and site reorganization. In preprocessing, pages on a Web site are processed to create an internal representation of the site. Page access information of its users is extracted from the Web server log. In page classification, the Web pages on the site are classified into two categories, index pages and content pages, based on the page access information. After the pages are classified, in site reorganization, the Web site is examined to find better ways to organize and arrange the pages on the site. An algorithm for reorganizing Web sites has been developed. Our experiments on a large real data set show that the approach is efficient and practical for adaptive Web sites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
170.
Mario Pomini 《International Review of Economics》2006,53(2):135-156
In the mid 1980s there was a remarkable revival of interest in growth theory. A relevant strand of new literature is characterized
by the departure from the assumption of diminishing returns of capital or, more generally, of the accumulated factor.
In this paper we will see how the neoclassical theorists incorporated the idea of increasing returns in the formal models
of economic growth, already an important question in the sixties. The central point is that the recent recognition of the
importance of this notion is not new but now depends on the vision of economic growth as driven by knowledge accumulation
and no longer by capital accumulation as in the Solovian tradition.
I would like to thank the referee for valuable comments and suggestions. 相似文献