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71.
In this paper, we present a practical methodology for variance estimation for multi‐dimensional measures of poverty and deprivation of households and individuals, derived from sample surveys with complex designs and fairly large sample sizes. The measures considered are based on fuzzy representation of individuals' propensity to deprivation in monetary and diverse non‐monetary dimensions. We believe this to be the first original contribution for estimating standard errors for such fuzzy poverty measures. The second objective is to describe and numerically illustrate computational procedures and difficulties in producing reliable and robust estimates of sampling error for such complex statistics. We attempt to identify some of these problems and provide solutions in the context of actual situations. A detailed application based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 19 NUTS2 regions in Spain is provided. 相似文献
72.
Drawing on the organizational learning literature, our study examines the role of foreign market knowledge and firm emphasis
on technological innovation in the internationalization of small, entrepreneurial firms in the Czech Republic. It is based
on a sample of 168 SMEs representing a broad range of manufacturing industries that were founded after the fall of communism
and as the Czech economy was transitioning to a more market-based economy. Findings indicate that emphasis on technological
innovation is associated with greater acquisition of foreign market knowledge. In addition, our results indicate that emphasis
on technological innovation directly and indirectly influences the performance of such SMEs in international markets. Our
findings also suggest that foreign market knowledge partially mediates the relationship between firm emphasis on technological
innovation and international performance. Implications of our findings from the perspective of theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献
73.
74.
Using survey data from 2009 to 2011, we analyse the effects of the recent euro area economic, financial and private debt crisis on the supply of and demand for bank finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). At the country level, we identify three distinct aspects of the recent crisis in the euro area affecting firm credit through different channels. Controlling for country fixed effects, the impact of a weak real economy on firm credit operates both by reducing firms’ demand for bank financing and by lenders increasing loan rejections and tightening terms and conditions on credit allocated. On the other hand, financial conditions have no significant effect on demand, but they do affect credit supply as we find that financial tensions worsen the chances of obtaining credit and its terms and conditions. We interpret this as evidence of a bank balance sheet channel negatively impacting credit provision. We find that private sector indebtedness has important effects on SMEs’ credit access and its terms and conditions. 相似文献
75.
Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) have emerged in recent years as outcome‐based public‐private partnerships (PPP) for the delivery of welfare services, where the payment to the private operator is linked to the achievement of superior social impact. Since the traditional infrastructure‐based PPP approach seems to have failed to achieve higher level of efficiency and, above all, effectiveness, this paper discusses the extent to which the SIB model can represent a reference point to innovate the PPP model by introducing more focus on outcome achievement and social value generation. 相似文献
76.
Models and optimal designs for conjoint choice experiments including a no-choice option 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bart Vermeulen Peter Goos Martina Vandebroek 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2008,25(2):94-103
In a classical conjoint choice experiment, respondents choose one profile from each choice set that has to be evaluated. However, in real life, the respondent does not always make a choice: often he/she does not prefer any of the options offered. Therefore, including a no-choice option in a choice set makes a conjoint choice experiment more realistic. In the literature, three different models are used to analyze the results of a conjoint choice experiment with a no-choice option: the no-choice multinomial logit model, the extended no-choice multinomial logit model, and the nested no-choice multinomial logit model. We develop optimal designs for the two most appealing of these models using the D-optimality criterion and the modified Fedorov algorithm and compare these optimal designs with a reference design, which is constructed while ignoring the no-choice option, in terms of estimation and prediction accuracy. We conclude that taking into account the no-choice option when designing a no-choice experiment only has a marginal effect on the estimation and prediction accuracy as long as the model used for estimation matches the data-generating model. 相似文献
77.
Francesca Biagini Jean‐Pierre Fouque Marco Frittelli Thilo Meyer‐Brandis 《Mathematical Finance》2019,29(1):329-367
We specify a general methodological framework for systemic risk measures via multidimensional acceptance sets and aggregation functions. Existing systemic risk measures can usually be interpreted as the minimal amount of cash needed to secure the system after aggregating individual risks. In contrast, our approach also includes systemic risk measures that can be interpreted as the minimal amount of cash that secures the aggregated system by allocating capital to the single institutions before aggregating the individual risks. An important feature of our approach is the possibility of allocating cash according to the future state of the system (scenario‐dependent allocation). We also provide conditions that ensure monotonicity, convexity, or quasi‐convexity of our systemic risk measures. 相似文献
78.
79.
This paper analyses the regulation of the market of voice call termination on mobile networks, by considering the remedy of
asymmetric access charges and the hypothesis of discriminatory retail pricing. In the two way interconnection, the operators
revenue depends on two factors: the retail price and the access charge. If the retail prices are different between calls that
terminate on the same network (on-net) and calls that terminate on the rival network (off-net), the competition is more complex,
involving positive networks externalities for the incumbent operator. In order to reduce the competitive disadvantage for
new entrants and smaller operators many European regulation authorities have introduced the remedy of asymmetric access charges.
This paper is aimed at analysing the effectiveness of this regulatory measure, assuming that operators are differentiated
in terms of brand loyalty and cost structure. 相似文献
80.
A broad debate about the harmonization of public sector accounting standards in Europe is underway. The authors provide arguments in favour of harmonization, but they also acknowledge the existing pluralism and diversity by taking stock of the state of play in 14 European countries. The paper makes a proposal for a way forward for policy-makers and standard-setters, in which the benefits of harmonization can be obtained without obliging EU member countries to necessarily abandon their current public sector accounting systems. 相似文献