Can Sentiment Toward Advertising Explain Materialism and Vanity in the Globalization Era? Evidence From Dubai

ABSTRACT

This report presents the first study to address sentiment toward advertising, materialism, and vanity in the globalized city of Dubai. A conceptual model is developed and subsequent hypotheses are tested via structural equation modeling. The main research findings suggest that consumers in Dubai exhibit positive perceptions of advertising as well as higher levels of materialism and vanity. Sentiment toward advertising is found to positively influence materialism levels, while materialism strongly influences views, concern for physical appearance, and personal achievement. Sentiment toward advertising, however, has no direct effect on any vanity trait, suggesting that vanity is more an internal personal trait.     

Predicting accounting fraud using imbalanced ensemble learning classifiers – evidence from China

The current research aims to launch effective accounting fraud detection models using imbalanced ensemble learning algorithms for China A-Share listed firms. Based on a sample of 33,544 Chinese firm-year instances from 1998 to 2017, this research respectively established one logistic regression and four ensemble learning classifiers (AdaBoost, XGBoost, CUSBoost, and RUSBoost) by 12 financial ratios and 28 raw financial data. Additionally, we divided the sample into the train and test observations to evaluate the classifiers' out-of-sample performance. In detail, we applied two metrics, namely, Area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) and Area under the Precision-Recall curve (AUPR), to evaluate classifiers' discriminability. In the supplement test, this study put forward an algebraic fused model on the basis of the four ensemble learning classifiers and introduced the sliding window technique. The empirical results showed that the ensemble learning classifiers can detect accounting fraud for the imbalanced China A-listed firms far more effectively than the logistic regression model. Moreover, imbalanced ensemble learning classifiers (CUSBoost and RUSBoost) effectively performed better than the common ensemble learning models (AdaBoost and XGBoost) in average. The algebraic fused model in the supplement test also obtained the highest average AUC and AUPR among all the employed algorithms. Our results offer firm support for the potential role of Machine Learning (ML)-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches in reliably predicting accounting fraud with high accuracy. Similarly, for the Chinese settings, our ML-based AI offers utmost advantage in forecasting accounting fraud. Finally, this paper fills the research gap on the applications of imbalanced ensemble learning in accounting fraud detection for Chinese listed firms.     

Paradigm shift from a liquidation culture to a corporate rescue culture in Malaysia: A legal review

The company law landscape in Malaysia has witnessed a significant change in its insolvency law with the adoption of two new corporate rescue mechanisms, the corporate voluntary arrangement and judicial management under the Companies Act 2016 (CA 2016), which has repealed the Companies Act 1965 (CA 1965). Previously, the insolvency laws under the CA 1965 were based on the traditional pro‐creditor laws of winding up and receivership, which embodied the liquidation culture. This article examines the transition of the insolvency laws in Malaysia from a liquidation culture under the CA 1965 to a corporate rescue culture under the CA 2016. It also reviews the necessary changes to the pro‐creditor laws, which are preserved under the CA 2016 in order to accommodate the pro‐debtor laws with the introduction of the corporate rescue mechanisms, which came into force on March 1, 2018. Through comparative and critical analysis of similar laws in the United Kingdom and Singapore, this article argues that while the corporate rescue mechanisms are regarded as pro‐debtor however the review reveals that the position of secured creditors are impeding its application and reforms ought to be considered.     

Values,gender and attitudes towards environmental policy: A study of future managers

This study explores if the value priorities and their impact on future managers' attitudes towards environmental responsibilities vary with gender. While relevant prior studies mostly focus on gender‐based variations of individuals' personal values in developed economies, we concentrate on both personal values and pro‐environmental attitudes in an emerging economy. This study is built on MBA students (a proxy for future managers) in India since India is characterized as a male‐dominated society and a producer of larger number of MBA graduates. Overall, our results show that personal values and attitude towards environmental responsibilities do not vary significantly with gender. Only two values (among the 21 values) and one value type (out of 10 values) get significantly higher ranking from females compared with males. Further, although ‘universalism’ and ‘benevolence’ are found to have a statistically significant impact on respondents' attitude towards environmental responsibility, the latter is invariant to the respondents' gender. Our findings may indicate India's transformation from a male‐dominated society towards a more gender‐balanced society. These findings can be used to operationalize a pro‐environmental recruitment policy and to formulate strategies to improve female participation in MBA cohorts of business schools.     

A review of CSR classification schemes and the operationalization of bolted-on vs. built-in CSR

Recent conceptualization of built-in versus bolted-on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives has offered a much-needed distinguishing framework to sophisticate our understanding of why different CSR initiatives yield varying corporate social performance (CSP) and associated recognition from stakeholders. One of the major roadblocks in conducting research on these two types of CSR initiatives is the absence of a valid and reliable measure. We address this void by developing a measure for bolted-on versus built-in CSR that relies on coding publicly available content. Our measure of these two types of CSR initiatives tests favorably for both convergent and discriminant validity and inter-rater reliability. Advancement of such a measurement instrument will positively contribute to CSR research, enabling scholars to better theorize the linkage between CSR and reputation, and other aspects of firm performance.     

Knowledge acquisition using psychotherapy technique for critical factors influencing construction project layout planning

The positioning of equipment on a construction site may change in different construction phases, different environments, and different types of end products, which greatly influence the decision of the site planning engineer who seeks to maximize the construction efficiency by minimizing the friction from the site layout. This study aims to acquire and analyze site planning experts' knowledge on critical factors influencing the construction layout planning using a psychotherapy technique. Through an open‐structured interview survey and cluster analysis, 125 core factors influencing the site layout plan were analyzed and categorized into a database.     

Cultural Norms and Son Preference in Intrahousehold Food Distribution: A Case Study of Two Asian Rural Economies

Based on the cost and content of individual calorie intake, I find evidence of son preference in food distribution in rural Bangladesh but not in the rural Philippines, which is consistent with the contrasting cultural norms of these two agrarian societies. Unlike in the Philippines, few females in Bangladesh, a male‐dominated patriarchal society with the strong presence of dowry and purdah systems, seem to participate in the labor market. Gender differences in wage rates appear to be prominent in Bangladesh as well, and the transfer at marriage from a bride's family seems to exceed that from a groom's family. In Bangladesh, the village wage rate of adult females is positively associated with a girl's allocation from the animal food group, while village wage rates of adult males are negatively associated. However, no such association is observed in the Philippines, which is characterized by egalitarian values between the sexes. In recent marriages in Bangladesh, a village's average value of transfers from grooms' families is also positively associated with a girl's allocation. While higher birth order children fare worse than lower birth order children in both economies, in Bangladesh a higher birth order girl does worse than a higher birth order boy, whereas this is not the case in the Philippines. The son preference does not seem to be associated with scarcity, as it is prominent in non‐poor Bangladeshi households but not in poor ones; the preference does not appear in either category in the Philippines. A Bangladeshi village's access to television, which I use as a proxy for liberal values, is positively associated with girls' calorie allocations.     

Convict Transportation to New South Wales, 1787–1849: Mortality Rates Reconsidered

Previous research into Australian convict transportation has concluded that a significant downturn in mortality rates occurred with the appointment of naval surgeons as superintendents in 1815. Statistical analysis of convict ships sent to New South Wales between 1787 and 1849 shows a more significant downturn occurred in 1800, following the introduction of closer supervision of ships' surgeons. The contracting system established by the Navy Board in 1786 for the transportation of convicts to New South Wales could be made to work as long as government maintained an effective system of inspection and supervision.     

Consumer protection in Bangladesh: Law and practice

In the least developed third world countries, the most important consumer right is the right to satisfy basic needs.In this paper, the author describes the legal foundations for consumer protection in Bangladesh, foundations which attach the highest importance to the nutritional state of the people and to measures for protection of consumers from products, processes, and services which are hazardous to their health. Some of the laws are pre-1971, the year of independence of Bangladesh; others have been promulgated in more recent years, though not all of the latter have yet been fully implemented.The author also describes the history of the consumer movement in the country, and in particular the work carried out by the Consumers' Association of Bangladesh. The difficulties that consumer organizations meet in a country such as Bangladesh are multifold. Some of the most formidable problems have to do with the fact that legislation is scattered, that consumers themselves cannot initiate legal action against wrong-doers, and that public officials as well as political leaders are often unapproachable or more interested in caring for the interests of business.

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Verbraucherschutz in Bangladesch: Rechtliche und praktische Situation

Zusammenfassung In den am wenigsten entwickelten Ländern der Dritten Welt ist das wichtigste Verbraucherrecht das Recht auf die Befriedigung der Grundbedürfnisse. Der Autor beschreibt die rechtlichen Grundlagen für Verbraucherschutz in Bangladesch, die der Ernährung der Bevölkerung und Ma\nahmen zum Schutz vor gesundheitsgefährdenden Produkten, Herstellungsverfahren und Dienstleistungen die höchste Bedeutung beimessen. Einige der Gesetze stammen aus der Zeit vor 1971, dem Jahr, in dem Bangladesch die Unabhängigkeit erlangt hat. Andere sind in jüngerer Zeit verkündet worden, wenn auch nicht alle bereits volle Gültigkeit erlangt haben. Der Autor beschreibt darüber hinaus die Geschichte der Verbraucherbewegung in seinem Land und zeichnet insbesondere die Arbeit nach, die von der Verbrauchervereinigung durchgeführt wurde. Die Schwierigkeiten, denen sich Verbraucherorganisationen in einem Land wie Bangladesch gegenübersehen, sind vielfältig. Einige der ernsterzunehmenden Probleme haben es mit der Tatsache zu tun, da\ die Gesetzgebung lückenhaft ist, da\ Konsumenten gegen Fehlverhalten nicht selbst rechtlich vorgehen können und da\ staatliche Stellen und politische Führer oft unerreichbar sind und im übrigen mehr im Interesse der Unternehmen tätig sind.

     

Temporary international migration and the nontraded sector of the labor-importing developing economy

In this paper the author examines the effects of external migration on the nontraded sector of the labor-importing developing economy. It is found that devaluation by the labor-exporting country will reduce the pressure on excess demand for labor and reduce the price of nontraded goods. Increases in the migrant workers’ consumption expenditures, the government expenditures on nontraded goods and the price of traded goods will increase the pressure on excess demand for labor and raise the price of nontraded goods. The effects of an increase in host country nominal wage, however, will remain ambiguous.