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51.
We present an empirical framework to analyze real-world sales-force compensation schemes, and report on a multi-million dollar,
multi-year project involving a large contact lens manufacturer at the US, where the model was used to improve sales-force
contracts. The model is built on agency theory, and solved using numerical dynamic programming techniques. The model is flexible
enough to handle quotas and bonuses, output-based commission schemes, as well as “ratcheting” of compensation based on past
performance, all of which are ubiquitous in actual contracts. The model explicitly incorporates the dynamics induced by these
aspects in agent behavior. We apply the model to a rich dataset that comprises the complete details of sales and compensation
plans for the firm’s US sales-force. We use the model to evaluate profit-improving, theoretically-preferred changes to the
extant compensation scheme. These recommendations were then implemented at the focal firm. Agent behavior and output under
the new compensation plan is found to change as predicted. The new plan resulted in a 9% improvement in overall revenues,
which translates to about $12 million incremental revenues annually, indicating the success of the field-implementation. The
results bear out the face validity of dynamic agency theory for real-world compensation design. More generally, our results
fit into a growing literature that illustrates that dynamic programming-based solutions, when combined with structural empirical
specifications of behavior, can help significantly improve marketing decision-making, and firms’ profitability. 相似文献
52.
Rudra P. Pradhan Mak B. Arvin John H. Hall Mahendhiran Nair 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2017,26(3):336-360
The paper investigates causal relationships between trade openness, foreign direct investment, financial development, and economic growth in 19 Eurozone countries over the period 1988–2013. Using a panel vector error-correction model (VECM), the empirical results show that these variables are cointegrated. The study shows that a combination of opening the Eurozone countries for trade and fostering their financial and economic development have elevated inflows of foreign direct investment into the region in the long run. At the same time, increasing inflows of foreign direct investment in the short run have propelled economic growth, which in return has strengthened the role of financial development and international trade to sustain economic growth in the region through feedback effects. The empirical results have important policy implications for countries in the Eurozone, especially those who face challenges as a result of lack of confidence in their financial system and those who face a sovereign debt crisis. 相似文献
53.
This paper uses cointegration analysis to study the competitive interaction among firms within the integrated and minimill groups in the Japanese steel industry. The use of cointegration analysis overcomes some of the limitations associated with prior attempts at modeling firm behavior within groups, and allows us to model strategies that take considerable time to adjust. Results indicate that several strategies displayed slow adjustment characteristics. All of the strategies that displayed these properties were cointegrated within the group. Finally, over the long run, the rate of strategic response to ‘shocks’ in the system varied across members and strategies: some converged, while others diverged from the group relationship. We conclude by discussing the relevance of our findings to research on strategic groups and competitive dynamics among firms. Thus the paper contributes to the literature on strategic groups and competitive dynamics, and illustrates the use of cointegration analyses to study the competitive behavior of firms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
Anil Nair Elzotbek Rustambekov Michael McShane Stav Fainshmidt 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2014,35(8):555-566
The dynamic capabilities framework has emerged as a growing area of research within business disciplines—the framework seeks to explain how and why firms adapt successfully to changes in their environments. Yet, whether such capabilities are effective in periods of environmental changes that can be characterized as a crisis remains an unexplored area of research. This paper adopts the position that enterprise risk management (ERM) constitutes a dynamic capability, and examines whether a firm's ERM capability allowed it to respond effectively to the financial crisis of 2008. We find that superior ERM capability was associated with smaller decline in stock price during the downturn and superior profitability during the upturn. The results suggest that firms may need different types of dynamic capabilities to react and respond to different dimensions of environment and types of change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Krushna Mahapatra Gireesh Nair Leif Gustavsson 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2011,35(1):104-111
External actors can influence potential adopters to adopt energy efficiency measures. In Sweden municipality energy advisers are one such actor group who provides energy advice and information to the end users. The success of energy advice service for improvement of energy efficiency of detached houses depends on homeowners' perception towards it. In this context, we conducted a national survey of about 3000 owners of detached houses through stratified random sampling method in the summer of 2008. We found that majority of owners of detached houses consider energy advisers as an important source of information. Furthermore, many homeowners who contacted energy advisers for advice had implemented the suggestions. However, only a few homeowners had contacted an energy adviser. Our findings suggest that it is beneficial to continue the energy advice service, but more efforts are needed to increase homeowners' awareness of and satisfaction with such services. 相似文献
56.
Usha Nair Reichert 《Journal of Economics and Finance》1997,21(3):61-64
This brief note applies Granger causality testing to the issue of whether federal deposit insurance has caused S&L failures.
The findings strongly indicate that federal deposit insurance has Granger-caused S&L failures over the 1934–1991 period. 相似文献
57.
58.
Ivashina Victoria; Nair Vinay B.; Saunders Anthony; Massoud Nadia; Stover Roger 《Review of Financial Studies》2009,22(1):41-77
In this paper, we investigate the disciplining role of banksand bank debt in the market for corporate control. We find thatrelationship bank lending intensity and bank client networkhave positive effects on the probability of a borrowing firmbecoming a target. This effect is enhanced in cases where thetarget and acquirer have a relationship with the same bank.Moreover, we utilize an experiment to show that the effectsof relationship bank lending intensity on takeover probabilityare not driven by endogeneity. Finally, we also investigatereasons motivating a bank's informational role in the marketfor corporate control. 相似文献
59.
Sook-Fun Fong May-Chiun Lo Peter Songan Vikneswaran Nair 《Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research》2017,22(2):147-159
The future of the tourism industry is dependent on local communities’ ability to develop and sustain tourism developments, especially in sensitive rural areas. But there is limited research on this topic to guide tourism authorities and governments. In particular, few studies have studied sustainable rural tourism development from the perspective of the local communities. Therefore, this study examines local communities’ views on their capability to achieve sustainable rural tourism development in selected rural areas in Kuching, Sarawak. Questionnaires were distributed to the local communities residing at three rural tourism destinations in Kuching, Sarawak. Interestingly, the results indicated that local communities’ self-efficacy has a positive relationship with social, cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability. Hence, this study offers theoretical and practical contributions to sustainable rural tourism development literature and the tourism industry. 相似文献
60.