Evidence on the role of holding company acquisitions in the management of bank capital

This article addresses the issue of the impact of bank acquisitions on the capital positions of acquired banks. The hypothesis tested is that acquisition-related capital changes reflect divergent capital-related acquisition motives which induce significant infusion of capital into some acquired banks and significant withdrawals from others.This study confirms that,on average, bank holding company acquisitions reduce the relative capital position of acquired banks, but it also indicates that this average effect masks evidence that acquisitions contribute to relative increases in capital in a significant subset of acquired banks. The results herein demonstrate that results of prior studies regarding the impact of acquisition and/or holding company affiliation on bank capital positions suffer from misspecification.The finding that there are divergent implications of acquisition for capital growth is consistent with the notion that acquisitions by bank holding companies may be providing important financial synergies to the banking industry by serving as a mechanism for relatively efficient reallocation of equity capital among affiliated banks.The authors wish to acknowledge helpful comments and suggestions of Harold Black, Tom Boehm, Ronnie Clayton, Stephen Rhoades, and anonymous referees.     

Dealing with the devil of deviation: managing uncertainty during product development execution

This paper examines deviations in complex product development. Based on an extensive case study, using participant observations, interviews, and data from deviation reports, it illustrates the causes, procedures, management challenges of deviations, and organizational roles devoted to deviation management. Based on the rich data material, it furthermore proposes a typology of deviations developed for a better understanding of this significant empirical phenomenon.     

Optimal supplier testing and tolerance strategies for genetically modified (GM) wheat

A stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies, costs, and risks for dual marketing of genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM wheat in an export supply chain. The optimal testing strategy is derived that minimizes disutility of additional system costs due to testing and quality loss. Cost components were estimated including those related to testing, quality loss, and a risk premium to induce shippers to undertake dual marketing as opposed to handling only non‐GM crops. Uncertainties were incorporated for adventitious presence and commingling, variety declaration, and test accuracy. Sensitivities were performed for effects of variety risks and declaration, penalty differentials, buyer tolerances, risk aversion, and GM adoption. Results indicate testing and segregation can be performed at a relatively low cost and risk to buyers.