Selling digital music: business models for public goods

This paper considers the market for digital music. We claim that the combination of the MP3 format and peer-to-peer networks has made music non-excludable and this feature is essential for the understanding of the economics of the music market. We study optimal business models for selling non-excludable goods and show that despite promising theoretical results, adding just a slight uncertainty about the number of customers has significant negative implications for profitability. Indeed, as the average number of customers tends to infinity the average payment per customer converges to zero. Therefore, the music industry should concentrate on alternative ways of creating profit such as selling access to listeners, concerts, merchandise, ringtones etc.     

游览参观点门票价格管理问题研究

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,游览参观点门票价格管理水平的高低对于各地旅游业有序发展具有重要意义。文章在全面分析游览参观点门票价格及其管理现状的基础上,重点探究了当前游览参观点门票价格管理存在的问题,并提出了若干改进与完善思路。     

What Corporate Social Responsibility Activities are Valued by the Market?

Corporate management is torn between either focusing solely on the interests of stockholders (the neo-classical view) or taking into account the interests of a wide spectrum of stakeholders (the stakeholder theory view). Of course, there need be no conflict where taking the wider view is also consistent with maximising stockholder wealth. In this paper, we examine the extent to which a conflict actually exists by examining the relationship between a company’s positive (strengths) and negative (concerns) corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and equity performance. In general, we find little evidence to suggest that managers taking a wider stakeholder perspective will jeopardise the interest of its stockholders. However, our findings do suggest that the market is not only influenced by the independent CSR activities, but also the totality of these activities and that the facets that they value do vary over time. It seems that␣most recently, the market has valued most firms that satisfied minimum requirements in the areas of diversity and environmental protection but were most proactive in the area of employee-relations. Ron Bird is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Finance and Economics at the University of Technology, Sydney. His research interests focus on market implications of corporate social responsibility and also dysfunctionality within capital markets. He received his Master's degree in economics at Monash University in 1971. Anthony D. Hall is currently the Head of the School of Finance and Economics and Director of the Quantitative FinanceResearch Centre at the University of Technology, Sydney. His research interests cover all aspects of financial econometrics. He was awarded a PhD in econometrics from the London School of Economics in `976.Francesco Momente is Professor of Corporate Finance at the Bocconi University, Milan (Italy). His research intersts focus on the market valuation of corporate social responsibility and the value relevance of accounting information.He received his PhD in General Management at Ca' Foscari University, Venice (Italy) in 1998. Francesco Reggiani is Professor of Corporate Finance at the Bocconi University, Milan (Italy). His research interests focuson the market valuation of corporate social responsibility and corporate governance. He received his PhD in GeneralManagement at Bocconi University in 2001.     

关于促进黑龙江省加工贸易转型升级的研究

加工贸易为我国外贸发展做出了重要贡献,曾占据我国外贸出口的半壁江山.随着国家外贸战略政策的调整,黑龙江省的加工贸易企业转型升级也迫在眉睫.黑龙江省加工贸易规模和比重处于较低水平,且劳动密集型产品居多,外资企业比例下滑,原产地和出口市场单一.因此,提升企业在全球价值链所处环节、延长产业链、扶持产业集群成为加工贸易企业转型升级的主要途径.应继续加大招商引资力度,鼓励内资企业从事加工贸易;优化加工贸易产业结构,提高加工贸易企业的竞争能力;制定相关优惠政策,建立"加工贸易示范园区";鼓励企业"走出去",开展境外加工贸易;要与服务外包有机结合互补发展.     

C-optimal threat decision n-tuples in collective bargaining

In a two-person game with bargaining, C-optimal threat decision pairs are defined. The definition is compared with that of optimal threat decision pairs in Nash's sense. In the case of differential games, a sufficiency condition for the C-optimality of a threat strategy pair is given and illustrated by examples of collective bargaining.Deceased