全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8434篇 |
免费 | 256篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 1784篇 |
工业经济 | 712篇 |
计划管理 | 1345篇 |
经济学 | 1784篇 |
综合类 | 110篇 |
运输经济 | 94篇 |
旅游经济 | 162篇 |
贸易经济 | 1776篇 |
农业经济 | 247篇 |
经济概况 | 596篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 76篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 59篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 81篇 |
2020年 | 122篇 |
2019年 | 198篇 |
2018年 | 221篇 |
2017年 | 254篇 |
2016年 | 218篇 |
2015年 | 176篇 |
2014年 | 280篇 |
2013年 | 956篇 |
2012年 | 318篇 |
2011年 | 359篇 |
2010年 | 327篇 |
2009年 | 369篇 |
2008年 | 328篇 |
2007年 | 278篇 |
2006年 | 257篇 |
2005年 | 287篇 |
2004年 | 236篇 |
2003年 | 243篇 |
2002年 | 238篇 |
2001年 | 196篇 |
2000年 | 174篇 |
1999年 | 179篇 |
1998年 | 145篇 |
1997年 | 153篇 |
1996年 | 127篇 |
1995年 | 122篇 |
1994年 | 129篇 |
1993年 | 115篇 |
1992年 | 108篇 |
1991年 | 98篇 |
1990年 | 71篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 70篇 |
1986年 | 72篇 |
1985年 | 116篇 |
1984年 | 92篇 |
1983年 | 85篇 |
1982年 | 90篇 |
1981年 | 68篇 |
1980年 | 77篇 |
1979年 | 71篇 |
1978年 | 60篇 |
1977年 | 60篇 |
1976年 | 57篇 |
1974年 | 32篇 |
1973年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有8690条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Luke Georghiou Author Vitae Michael Keenan Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2006,73(7):761-777
The paper addresses the question of what constitutes an appropriate evaluation strategy for national foresight activities in different situations. The variety of rationales for foresight is explored, ranging from a desire to set priorities through to participation-oriented goals and building new networks around common visions and strategies. A generational model of foresight is used to show the evolution of key evaluation issues. The generic motivations for evaluation of accountability, justification and learning are discussed in the context of foresight. Evaluation grounded in the concept of behavioural additionality and the systems failure rationale is shown to be more suited as a rationale for foresight as public policy.Assessing the effects of foresight requires an understanding that it is only one of several influences on public policy. To be effective it needs to be tuned into the strategic behaviour and cycles of policy and economic actors. Cases are presented of evaluation of foresight programmes in the United Kingdom, Germany and Hungary. It is concluded that there is no “one-size-fits-all” evaluation approach and that the method selected is conditioned by motivation, timing and the level of aggregation. Foresight cannot be fully evaluated independently from its context. Foresight is being strengthened by the emergence of rigorous and systematic knowledge to assist learning and improvement. 相似文献
92.
93.
Jarir S. Dajani Michael Z. Sincoff Wayne K. Talley 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》1979,13(1):83-90
This paper addresses the question of the methodology of testing for stability between successive Delphi rounds and the necessity of doing so prior to the analysis of the level or type of consensus. Following a discussion of a hierarchical set of a criteria for determining the termination of such studies, the paper reviews some of the more common treatments of the subject in the literature. It is finally proposed that a χ2 test be used to test the stability of responses between rounds. The method is demonstrated by a numerical example. 相似文献
94.
A bstract . In the eyes of European scholars, publicists and politicians who studied Henry George's work, he, as a social philosopher , had adopted the position of the natural law philosophers of the 18th century. The latter inspired the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights, as well as the poiitical philosophy of Jeffersonian democracy , the ethos of the 18th and 19th century pioneer settlers. George rejected Social Darwinism. He saw natural law as the only true and reliable basis for a just social order. Like Karl Marx he mastered Ricardian economics ; unlike Marx, George made two factors the basis of his system, labor and land. George saw that each person had a natural right —and a natural imperative for survival —to apply his or her productive capacity to the earth –as living space and as storehouse of nutrients and raw materials. The person-land relationship , he discovered, lay at the basis of human culture. And so the land's rent , now monopolized by the few, had to be appropriated to meet the needs of society, most efficiently and justly by a land value tax. 相似文献
95.
96.
The key to successfully competing in the global marketplace may be staffing key expatriate positions with accomplished /skilled leaders. Past research has focused on preparing managers to successfully expatriate to foreign assignment and repatriate back to the United States. The high failure rate and general lack of effectiveness of many expatriate managers may be attributed to not having a cultural match between the assignment and the leadership style of the expatriate. This article explains the complex issues associated with multicultural leadership and proposes a diagnostic leadership matrix based upon internal and external cultural constraints. 相似文献
97.
Abstract . Henry George's influence was greater in the United Kingdom than in the United States. The 80s and 90s there were particularly favorable for the reception of his revolutionary ideas. Though, thanks to such thinkers as Alfred Russell Wallace and James and John Stuart Mill, a land reform movement already existed, its sudden rise to national significance was due to George. George's writing and speaking skills and his dedication moved many serious citizens into the political Left and heavily influenced men and women who became leaders of British non-Marxian socialism, at the formation and consolidation of their movement. While George's followers broke with both the Wallace and socialist movements, George's rhetorical talents awakened the broad circles of thinking people to a consciousness of the full range of the social question. 相似文献
98.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF NATURAL MONOPOLY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael Waterson 《Journal of economic surveys》1987,1(1-2):59-80
Abstract. This paper examines two important recent developments in the theory of natural monopoly, or more generally the theory of market structure. The first is a series of papers, involving Baumol with various co-authors, investigating the theory of industry structure, whilst the second is particularly associated with the names of Shaked and Sutton, and the relationship they develop between product differentiation and industry structure. The paper surveys and to some extent contrasts these two new approaches.
Baumol et al. 's contribution is seen to be in the area of clarifying the concept of natural monopoly, refining the definitions of multiproduct costs, and developing a notion of social efficiency applicable to industries where economies of scale are important. Shaked and Sutton employ a new definition of natural monopoly unrelated to market size and utilize information about consumers'income distributions to develop their notion of vertical product differentiation and natural oligopoly. 相似文献
Baumol et al. 's contribution is seen to be in the area of clarifying the concept of natural monopoly, refining the definitions of multiproduct costs, and developing a notion of social efficiency applicable to industries where economies of scale are important. Shaked and Sutton employ a new definition of natural monopoly unrelated to market size and utilize information about consumers'income distributions to develop their notion of vertical product differentiation and natural oligopoly. 相似文献
99.
Michael Rauscher 《The German Economic Review》2007,8(1):28-40
Abstract. The paper analyses the impact of tax competition on innovation in the public sector. It is shown that the effects of increased mobility of the tax base on innovation and growth are ambiguous. The negative relationship is more likely, however. Moreover, it is shown that a Leviathan government may be induced to spend a larger share of its budget on unproductive activities. 相似文献
100.
Michael L Wyzan 《Journal of Comparative Economics》1985,9(1):24-45
The relationship between Soviet agricultural procurement prices and quantities is examined in the light of the existence of bonuses for above-trend sales (BATS) and zonal price differentiation (ZPD). That BATS leads to a positive relationship between prices and quantities as harvest conditions vary is shown to hold for the individual farm. Planners are apt, however, to be more concerned with the “average” price of a crop, which is closely related to the subsidy bill. This price is more likely to be “perverse” under ZPD than BATS, although neither guarantees perversity. Data suggest that such perversity is a common occurrence. J. Comp. Econ., March 1985, 9(1), pp. 24–45. Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61761. 相似文献