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941.
The ongoing debate on the efficiency of a federal system versus a centralized system has lead to a diverse and unclear empirical
picture of the effects of fiscal decentralization on public sector growth. For analyzing these effects it is crucial to consider
the sub-national decision power on taxing and spending. In the current paper, we test for the effects of fiscal autonomy on
total government expenditure using time series from 1955 to 2007 for Austria. Determinants of government expenditure are economic
growth, fiscal illusion of policy makers, and the unemployment rate. We additionally account for different degrees of sub-national
fiscal autonomy. Our econometric results suggest that the often-hypothesized dampening effects of fiscal autonomy cannot be
corroborated for the Austrian system. 相似文献
942.
This paper examines empirically the relationship between electricity spot and futures prices, by analysing a decade of data for a set of short term-to-maturity futures contracts traded in the Nordic Power Exchange. It is found that, on average, there are significant positive risk premiums in short-term electricity futures prices. The significance and size of the premiums, however, varies seasonally over the year; whereas it is greatest during winter, it is zero in summer. It is also found that time-varying risk premiums are significantly related to unexpectedly low reservoir levels. Furthermore, before the unprecedented supply-shock that hit the market around the end of year 2002, the risk premiums were related to the variance and the skewness of future spot prices. 相似文献
943.
This paper proposes a semiparametric smooth coefficient cost model to study the university cost structure where coefficients are an unknown function of the university's overall quality. A local least square method with a kernel weight function is used to estimate the cost function, and a simple statistic for testing a parametric model of the additive quality versus the semiparametric smooth coefficient model is applied. Empirical results from 56 universities in Taiwan show that, taking quality into account, higher education is subject to diseconomies of scale. In all categories—comprehensive and science/technology and public and private universities—the current university scale in Taiwan is too big to be cost efficient. (JEL I21, H52, 9120) 相似文献
944.
945.
Michael A. Kamins Avi Noy Yael Steinhart David Mazursky 《Journal of Interactive Marketing》2011,25(4):241-250
This research explores how social cues presented in an online auction affect sniping behavior. Sniping is a strategy of placing a bid on an item in the very ending stages of an auction with a pre-determined ending time in an attempt to win the auction. Such a strategy conceals the intentions of the bidder until the last moments of the auction and minimizes the possibility of other opposing bidders submitting higher bids due to the short period of time left to respond. The research includes two field studies and a lab experiment indicating that sniping appears to be influenced by social factors, that is, when there are a greater number of bidders in the auction or the auction site provides social information about the bidders, the relative use of sniping increases. This research supports the perspective that bidders rely on others' bidding behavior and characteristics as an indication of the true value of the item on sale, and is one of the first studies in the literature which takes this perspective. 相似文献
946.
Lebanon is a complex country of extraordinary promise; often thrust into crisis, including recent military assaults, terrorist attacks and bombings. The authors share findings from a longitudinal field-study of the evolving political and business climate of Lebanon, emphasizing a particular MNC that is thriving amidst social, ideological and political conflicts. A synthesis of primary and secondary data revealed the InterContinental Phoenicia hotel as a model institution in the face of extreme crisis. Key managerial insights that can be helpful to investors, MNCs and managers in the Middle East and other places subjected to similarly extreme conditions are shared. 相似文献
947.
Panagiotis N. Fotis Michael L. Polemis Nikolaos E. Zevgolis 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(1):67-89
This paper examines the possible effect of the derogation from suspension of concentrations by the Hellenic Competition Commission
(HCC) on the stock performance of the requested companies. For this reason, we examined 16 companies listed in the Athens
Stock Exchange (A.S.E) that are involved to 13 requested derogations from suspension during the period 1995–2008 by applying
and assessing the results of three different event study methodologies (market model, mean adjusted return model and market
adjusted return model). From the empirical findings, we conclude that the argument of the requested companies concerning the
subsequent negative effect on their stock performance if the derogation from suspension by the HCC is delayed or not granted
does not hold. On the contrary, the average abnormal and cumulative returns of the requested companies are positive and statistical
significant. In addition, the results of the three event study methodologies are robust. 相似文献
948.
949.
We study the welfare properties of an economy where both monetary and fiscal policies follow simple rules, and where a subset of agents is liquidity constrained. The welfare benefits of optimizing the fiscal rule are far larger than those of optimizing the monetary rule. The optimized fiscal rule implements strong automatic stabilizers that primarily stabilize the income of liquidity-constrained agents, rather than output. Transfers targeted to liquidity-constrained agents are the preferred fiscal instrument. The optimized monetary rule exhibits super-inertia and a weak inflation response. Optimized simple rules perform as well as the optimal policy under the timeless perspective. 相似文献
950.
Philip J. VergragtAuthor Vitae Jaco QuistAuthor Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2011,78(5):747-755
In this introductory paper we introduce the special issue on “Backcasting for Sustainability”. We present briefly a historical background, and position backcasting in the wider context of future studies, in which it can be related to “normative forecasting” and normative scenarios. We reflect on the diversity and variety of backcasting studies and experiments, as presented in the ten papers for this special issue. After summarizing the papers we formulate a future research agenda. 相似文献