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901.
Agency Costs of Overvalued Equity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michael C. Jensen 《Financial Management》2005,34(1):5-19
I define and analyze the agency costs of overvalued equity. They explain the dramatic increase in corporate scandals and value destruction in the last five years; costs that have totaled hundreds of billions of dollars. When a firm's equity becomes substantially overvalued it sets in motion a set of organizational forces that are extremely difficult to manage—forces that almost inevitably lead to destruction of part or all of the core value of the firm. WorldCom, Enron, Nortel, and eToys are only a few examples of what can happen when these forces go unmanaged. Because we currently have no simple solutions to the agency costs of overvalued equity this is a promising area for future research. 相似文献
902.
When and why did the West gain its current economic advantageover the rest of the world? This topic is the source of an animateddebate within the academy today. Jack Goody, a noted socialanthropologist, analyzes these questions and offers his ownviews in his new book, Capitalism and Modernity: The Great Debate. The participants in this debate often have been divided intotwo broad camps. On the one side, which I will call here theEuropeanists, are those who 相似文献
903.
Jeffrey Michael Arthur Zillante Sarah Stafford Greg Buchholz Katherine Guthrie Julia Heath 《Southern economic journal》2005,71(3):668-682
This article presents a classroom game that allows students to directly experience the welfare improvements that can result from price discrimination. The demonstration uses a very familiar decision-making scenario, campus parking, to introduce the concept of price discrimination as well as reinforce the concepts of opportunity cost, consumer surplus, and search costs. This game can be used in a variety of classes, including principles, intermediate theory, industrial organization, or environmental economics, and can be conducted in a 50-minute class period with follow-up discussion in the next class. 相似文献
904.
Allan W. Gray Michael D. Boehlje Brent A. Gloy Stephen P. Slinsky 《Review of Agricultural Economics》2004,26(2):238-253
A simulation model incorporating price and yield variability is used to examine the impact of government farm program and crop revenue coverage (CRC) insurance payments on the probability distribution of returns to land. Results indicate that Marketing Loan Program payments have the greatest impact on both the mean and standard deviation of returns. Agricultural Market Transition Act payments shift the distribution of returns without changing the variability, creating a reduction in relative risk. Market loss assistance payments increase the mean, reduce variability, and increase skewness. When combined, farm programs substantially increase the value that risk-averse producers place on the residual returns to land and substantially reduce the certainty equivalent value of CRC. 相似文献
905.
Michael Marien 《Futures》1989,21(6):563-570
The major drivers of globalness are presented here from the perspective of the global economy as an emerging macrosystem. Key driving forces include not only technology, but also ideas and events. Special attention is given to ideas that have created more globalness in recent years and those that may be powerful in the future, and on possible macroevents that could act positively or negatively. Finally some barriers to further globalness are discussed. 相似文献
906.
An experiment tested young adults' memory for advertising slogans that either stated a strong claim directly or only implied the same claim by stating it in a much weaker form. Several advertising slogans were inserted into a story. There were two versions of each slogan, asserted and implied. The asserted version made a claim very directly and strongly (e.g.Alka-Seltzer stops common aches). The implied version only suggested the stronger claim (e.g. Alka-Seltzer helps lessen common aches ). Subjects read the story, which contained one of the two versions of each ad. After subjects finished reading the story, they were asked to recall all the brands and products. Then they performed a multiple choice task testing memory for the content of the advertising claims. While results showed no difference on the recall task, subjects on the multiple choice task frequently falsely recognized implied claims as asserted but seldom the reverse. Although they correctly recognized more asserted than implied claims, they were more confident in their correct memory for the implied claims. Results were applied to the problem of deceptive advertising. 相似文献
907.
Michael A. Einhorn 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》1990,2(2):173-189
This paper relates social contract regulation strategies to a particularly important comtemporary issue in energy regulation—electricity wheeling; we find that substantial gains in economic efficiency may be possible. First, social contracts give potential wheelers more monetary incentive than traditional regulatory procedures to provide wheeling services to interested third parties. Second, social contract regulation gives potential wheelers better incentives to measure marginal costs accurately. Third, under social contract regulation, wheelers have proper incentives to install efficient amounts of transmission capacity, thereby avoiding Averch-Johnson and other regulatory distortions that emerge in traditional regulation. 相似文献
908.
This paper analyzes the effects of trade and outsourcing on the transition probabilities of employment between sectors, using a dynamic multinomial logit framework with fixed effects. The data cover a sample of individual Austrian male workers over the period 1988–2001. Our results strongly support the view that international economic forces are important determinants of labor market turnover. In particular, an increase in the outsourcing intensity negatively affects the probability of staying in or changing into the manufacturing sector, even more so for industries with a comparative disadvantage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
909.
This paper endeavours to determine in how far theories emphasising cultural values, dysfunctional institutions or impediments
to trade can explain the vast differences in the size of financial systems across the globe. To account for endogeneity, an
instrumental variables approach is pursued. For a cross-section of countries, we find that trade openness and institutions
constraining the political elite from expropriating financiers tend to promote financial development. Conversely, there is
only limited evidence that cultural beliefs and the cost of enforcing financial contracts significantly hamper financial development.
JEL no. F36, G2, O16 相似文献
910.
Michael Keen 《International Tax and Public Finance》2007,14(4):365-381
Like the theory of the second best that the 2006 congress marks, the value added tax (VAT) is now fifty years old. Judged
by the extent and speed of its spread around the world, and the revenue that it raises, the VAT would seem to have been a remarkable
success. Over the last few years, however, it has come under a series of attacks. This paper considers three of the most prominent
of these. One is the fear (raised mainly in the United States) that the VAT actually does too good a job of raising tax revenue—which
raises the empirical question of whether it has indeed proved as effective a source of revenue as its proponents claim and
its opponents fear. The second is the view that the VAT does a bad job of taxing the informal sector—and that tariffs might
consequently be a better revenue-raising instrument for many developing countries. The third attack is the most literal, by
criminals rather than theorists: in the European Union and elsewhere, sophisticated VAT fraud, targeting its refund provisions,
has become a serious concern. The paper also argues, more generally, that the many unanswered questions concerning the VAT
reflect an unfortunate disconnect between the development of the tax itself and of second best tax analysis.
I am grateful to Ben Lockwood and Stephen Smith for allowing me to draw on our joint work, and to Vidar Christiansen, Sijbren
Cnossen, Isaias Coelho, Alain Jousten, Victoria Perry, and Emil Sunley for many helpful comments and suggestions. Views and
errors remain mine alone, and should not be attributed to the International Monetary Fund. 相似文献