An Options Approach to Valuing Expansion Flexibility in Flexible Manufacturing System Investments

Flexibility in manufacturing processes provides an ability to change or even reverse the decisions made in earlier periods. The traditional economic evaluation methods of investments in flexible manufacturing systems ignore the value of flexibility, which should be one of the key issues in the justification process. Options approach appears as a means of overcoming the limitations of conventional discounted cash flow methods. In this work, a methodology for valuing expansion flexibility of flexible manufacturing systems is presented. Expansion flexibility in a phased manufacturing investment can be valued by viewing an initial investment as being analogous to purchasing an option to exchange one risky asset for another risky asset within a time period from the initial investment. While keeping the option to expand is of value, a thorough analysis requires that the opportunity cost of delaying expansion be taken into account. In this paper, an analytic approximation methodology for valuing sequential American exchange options on dividend paying stocks is employed for valuing expansion flexibility. A comprehensive numerical example is presented to illustrate the approach, and sensitivity analyses are performed.     

Output–employment relationship across employment status: evidence from Turkey

This paper investigates output–employment relationships across different employment statuses and formal versus informal employment divisions for Turkey. Even if we fail to find a long-run relationship between aggregate output and total employment, there are long-run relationships between the aggregate output with all of the formal employment statuses. A further investigation for short-run relationships reveals no statistically significant relationships between aggregate output and total employment and between aggregate output and casual employment but there is a significant short-run relationship between aggregate output and total regular employment. Thus, a sustainable economic growth policy should aim to create formal and regular employment.     

中国旅行社业市场结构与产业绩效的实证分析

改革开放以来,我国旅行社业获得了巨大发展。行业规模扩张的同时,旅行社业的对外开放程度不断提高,市场竞争日趋激烈,开放和竞争的结果导致旅行社业的组织结构发生了显著变化。本文主要依据产业组织理论,运用SCP框架,对中国旅行社业的市场结构和产业绩效进行实证分析,并针对旅行社业结构调整中存在的新情况、新问题,提出优化产业组织、改善经营绩效的政策建议。     

大学生手机消费影响因素的研究

大学生的手机消费问题，一直以来就是我们关心的一个重要问题，作为未来的消费主力，大学生目前的花费消费状况，将会极大地影响到商家和大学生本人。在历史上，有不少专家对相关的问题进行了深入的研究。本文首先总结相关领域内学者的观点，然后利用调查问卷统计出的数据，应用SPSS8．0软件进行相关分析和回归分析，研究影响大学生手机话费结构的因素及各个因素的显著性水平。     

我国石油天然气会计准则国际趋同分析

为规范石油天然气行业特殊的交易或事项，美国等国家和国际会计准则理事会（IASB）都发布了专门的石油天然气会计准则或采掘业会计准则。我国于2006年2月发布了《企业会计准则第27号一石油天然气开采》会计准则，对当前我国石油天然气开采业财务会计发展中的热点、难点问题进行了规范。本文通过对比分析油气新准则与美国FASB制定的相关准则和国际财务报告准则第6号（IFRS6）的差异，认为我国油气新准则基本实现了与美国相关准则的趋同，但与IFRS6还需要多方面的协调。     

工业企业营销风险预警指标体系及综合评价方法

文章从影响营销活动的各类因素入手，根据其内容、特点及分类，构建了营销风险的预譬评价指标体系；从定性与定量相结合的角度出发，应用多级模糊综合评判法对营销风险进行量化评价，对定性分析指标采用专家调查与模糊统计相结合的方法，对定量指标的处理则引入模糊数学的方法，从而实现定性指标与定量指标的结合。     

A predictive filtering approach for clarifying bibliometric datasets: an example on the research articles related to industry 4.0

ABSTRACT

This study proposes a filtering approach based on text classification and a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making technique to select the relevant bibliometric data for further analyses in the scope of bibliometrics, scientometrics, and related methodologies. The proposed approach is illustrated on Industry 4.0 and internet of things which are the concepts that currently draw utmost attention with a growing number of research and applications. Accordingly, various findings are presented revealing the characteristics of the selected bibliometric data with the help of text and network analytics. The potential contribution of this study is two-fold such that the study not only suggests a novel approach for clarifying the retrieved bibliometric data but also emphasises the mainstream research areas and directions of Industry 4.0 along with the concept of the internet of things. Thus, an analysis framework with computing techniques has been used to reveal the characteristics of literature in a field of technology.     

我国中小企业初创期的成长约束与治理制度创新

通过我国中小企业初创期的现状分析，本文认为我国中小企业初创期面临着严重的成长约束，主要表现在资金约束、信息约束、人才约束、行业选择约束、政策约束和社会化服务约束等六个方面。在此基础上，本文从政府政策层面提出了中小企业初创期治理制度创新的基本构想：融资服务政策、引导技术创新政策、市场开拓政策、改善社会化服务政策。     

对构建和谐社会的社会责任会计的理性思考

社会经济快速发展的同时也带来了一系列问题，如环境污染、劳动保护、职工就业、养老医疗保险、失业保险、企业赞助、产品质量等、企业承担的社会责任问题就受到了越来越多的关注，社会责任会计的研究与实施就迫在眉睫。社会责任会计是社会责任与会计学的有机结合，其目的在于实现经济效益与社会效益的共同提高。     

营销渠道冲突的博弈解释

营销渠道是现代企业营销活动得以畅通实现和取得营销收入的重要条件,是企业开拓、占领市场的关键。有效的营销渠道管理是企业获得长久竞争优势的重要条件。随着渠道成员的不断扩展,营销渠道长度、广度、宽度等发生变化,渠道冲突影响着企业营销渠道设计、渠道功能、渠道绩效。本文主要从营销渠道中生产商和零售商之间的角度出发,利用博弈论观点对营销渠道的冲突进行解释。