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81.
This paper makes an attempt to assess the significance of agglomeration economies in the case of two Indian industries, electrical machinery and cotton and cotton textiles. Using firm level data, an efficiency index based on a statistical stochastic frontier model is generated to examine its relationship with external scale variable(s). A positive association between technical efficiency and city size is evident although after a certain threshold level city size works more as diseconomies than economies of scale. Undue emphasis on industrial dispersal may, therefore, lead to suboptimal utilisation of resources. 相似文献
82.
83.
We provide a sufficient condition on the production function under which eventually the most patient household owns the entire capital stock in every Ramsey equilibrium, called the turnpike property. This generalizes the result in the literature which establishes the turnpike property using the capital income monotonicity condition. We then provide an example of a Ramsey equilibrium in which the most patient household reaches a no capital position infinitely often. This is a strong refutation of the turnpike property on Ramsey equilibria. We also show that the constructed Ramsey equilibrium is inefficient in terms of the aggregate consumption stream that it provides. 相似文献
84.
Arup Mitra 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2000,12(2):97-108
Based on panel data for fifteen major states in India, this paper provides evidence in favor of the existence of urbanization economies. In eleven of seventeen two-digit industry groups, total factor productivity growth is responsive to urban population or industrial spread. Although the impact of these variables taken to capture agglomeration economies on total factor productivity growth is not monotonic, economic policy would yield a sub-optimal outcome by ignoring the positive effect of the size factor. Urban population or industrial spread benefits firms by possibly improving the quality of labor and enhancing the productive utilization of resources. 相似文献
85.
86.
Michael Thorpe Sumit Mitra 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2008,16(2):109-124
The six nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have approximately 40percent of total proven oil reserves as well as 23 percent of the world's gas reserves. Although rising oil revenues have led to greater outward investment flows, there is also a growing need for significant expansion of the domestic energy sector's capacity. Meanwhile, China's sustained economic boom has resulted in China emerging as the world's second largest consumer and importer o foil, with close to 40percent of its import demand presently sourced from the GCC. This share will grow significantly in the future. Commercial relations between the GCC and China have to date been dominated by energy-related bilateral investment flows and China's oil imports. Although this will continue to be a central feature, trade and investment links in non-energy areas will further broaden and deepen the relationship. China 's relationship with the USA in terms of energy is also emerging as a major issue. Rather than being competitors, a mutual dependence on stable and secure supplies from the GCC highlights the need for a cooperative relationship. 相似文献
87.
While the provision of a cash discount is equivalent to a reduction in price, the role of price elasticity of demand in determining credit terms has been neglected in the extant literature. In this paper, this role is investigated and it is shown that the optimal cash discount rate is affected by the price elasticity of demand for the firm's product. The comparative effects on the optimal cash discount rate with respect to exogenous changes in the fraction of credit sales paid after taking cash discount, the cost of short-term funds and the bad debt loss ratio are investigated. A trade-off between the time value gain and the price elasticity of demand is established. We find that firms which sell in locations having different price elasticities for their products, and/or which face various costs of short-term funds in different locations, should vary their cash discount terms accordingly. 相似文献
88.
We argue, in a model with trade and unemployment, that exogenous inflow of foreign capital may deliver the desired result when it flows to a protected intermediate-goods sector. Whether foreign investment should be directed towards an intermediate-goods sector or to a final-goods sector depends on the technological specifications of either type of goods as well as on the existing set of trade policies. 相似文献
89.
The paper presents a general model of a decentralized economy evolving over an infinite time horizon. Alternative notions of price systems, competitive equilibria, efficiency and optimality are introduced. The main results characterize conditions under which the two fundamental theorems of welfare economics are valid in such a general framework. 相似文献
90.
Recent models of monetary policy can have indeterminacy of equilibria, which is often viewed as a difficulty of these models. We consider the significance of indeterminacy using the learning approach to expectations formation. We employ expectational stability as a selection criterion for different equilibria and derive the expectational stability and instability conditions for forward-looking multivariate models, both without and with lags. The results are applied to several monetary policies. 相似文献