In Pakistan, weeds are a serious problem for the cotton–wheat cropping system, and they are causing even more damage than insects. The damage caused by weeds varies in the range of 15–30 percent. Farmers in Pakistan carry out several practices to control weeds, including hoeing, herbicide application and crop rotation. Farmers integrate different weed management practices; hence, in the present study, the multivariate probit model is used in an analysis of cotton farmers' joint decision‐making. The propensity score matching results indicate that farmers adopting integrating weed management practices have higher demand for labor, higher yields, higher household income and higher net returns from the cotton crop. 相似文献
Summary, Conclusion and Limitations Despite the considerable amount of commercial activity taking place in LGA, the area reamins economically challenged. The
low participation rate of residents in the labor market is a likely contributing factor to this paradox. Nearly 13 percent
of residents in these areas are unemployed, nearly 30 [ercent of the adults are living below the poverty level, and almost
half of the adults are not in the workforce. One of the reasons for these infortunate conditions is that the area’s social
institutions have unquestionably failed to help a large number of residents become and reamin employable and find gainful
employnment. 相似文献
This paper examines the impact of shrimp farming on rice ecosystem in a village in Southwestern Bangladesh. The village Damarpota has experienced transformation of 274 ha (79%) of its prime quality rice fields into shrimp farms during the period between 1985 and 2003. Prolonged shrimp farming for 5-, 10-, and 15-year period has increased soil salinity, acidity, and depleted soil Ca, K, Mg, and organic C content of all three types of soils in the villages to a variable degree and caused soil degradation that significantly affected the rice yield. Declined yield and acreage of rice jointly reduced the total production of rice and animal fodder. Soil degradation and loss of acreage under rice have threatened the sustainability of the village rice ecosystem. 相似文献
The purpose of this research is to develop a model for the measurement of library service quality. 1629 students studying in different universities and degree awarding institutions responded to a survey. Confirmatory factor analysis developed a valid and reliable service quality measurement scale with 6 dimensions and 30 items. This research contributes to the measurement of service quality by developing a valid and reliable measurement scale in a previously neglected population. The model developed in this research can be used by librarians to measure, control and improve the service quality provided to students. This research also provides a framework for researchers to develop further library service quality scale development studies so that more concrete generalizations can be made. 相似文献
Although CSR is an extensively studied topic, a systematic, comprehensive and diverse review in the domain of CSR and Islamic banking is missing. This paper intends to present a broad review of this domain. Through a state-of-the-art review, we have divided the paper into different sections, the first two are general i.e. CSR measurement, it deals with measuring methods of CSR in Islamic banking, and CSR theories, it gives a brief overview of theories referred in under-review studies. While, the other three sections are separated according to the nature of studies i.e. CSR narrative under the Islamic paradigm, CSR disclosure by Islamic banks, and CSR exposition in Islamic banks. At the end of each section, we have included a ‘commentary’ to discuss and summarize major points, highlight trends and issues, provide insights into limitations and suggest future research directions.
We model the hospital as seeking to balance the costs to itself in providing care, as well as the societal cost of people waiting for care. We use queuing theory to show that the optimal capacity and the corresponding optimal occupancy rate are dependent on the marginal cost of expanding capacity, the marginal cost of waiting, and the rates of patient arrival and discharge. Therefore, a universal occupancy target is unfounded. As well, the model shows that increasing capacity to respond to increased patient influxes is inadequate, suggesting that the health care system must explore alternate responses to burgeoning patient populations. 相似文献