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191.
Nicholas Simcik Arese 《International journal of urban and regional research》2018,42(3):461-482
Haram City is Egypt's first ‘affordable’ gated community, hosting both aspirational middle‐class homeowners and resettled poor urban residents. Amidst legal ambiguity during Egypt's 2011–2013 revolutionary period, the management team of this public–private partnership was tasked with creating a ‘fully self‐sufficient’ city. While Haram City is the product of top‐down ‘seeing like a state’ master planning (Scott, 1998 ), the day‐to‐day resolution of class vulnerabilities and disputes over ‘reasonableness’ in city life requires forms of interpersonal adjudication otherwise addressed through local urban law—‘seeing like a city’ (Valverde, 2011 ). This article uses ethnography of management techniques aiming to ‘upgrade behaviour’ to theorize that a private entity, in a strategically indeterminate relationship with the state, reconciles future‐oriented planning and storied prejudices by merging two visions of governance. Imitating the repertoire of urban law, managers plan the very realm of bottom‐up decision making. They then adapt top‐down urban planning to bottom‐up dispute resolution to spatially consolidate the ‘consensual’ outcomes of a rigged game. Evoking both colonial Egyptian vagrancy laws and neoliberal paternalist welfare, ‘seeing like a city‐state’ governance amounts to authoritarianism that conceals itself within custom, appearing neutral so as to plan streets, codes and inner lives at once. 相似文献
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William Allen Bridget Anderson Nicholas Van Hear Madeleine Sumption Franck Düvell Jennifer Hough 《Geopolitics》2018,23(1):217-243
Recent migration ‘crises’ raise important geopolitical questions. Who is ‘the migrant’ that contemporary politics are fixated on? How are answers to ‘who counts as a migrant’ changing? Who gets to do that counting, and under what circumstances? This forum responds to, as well as questions, the current saliency of migration by examining how categories of migration hold geopolitical significance—not only in how they are constructed and by whom, but also in how they are challenged and subverted. Furthermore, by examining how the very concepts of ‘migrant’ and ‘refugee’ are used in different contexts, and for a variety of purposes, it opens up critical questions about mobility, citizenship and the nation state. Collectively, these contributions aim to demonstrate how problematising migration and its categorisation can be a tool of enquiry into other phenomena and processes. 相似文献
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195.
Higher Education Funding 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The expansion of higher education throughout the OECDandbeyondis both necessary and desirable. But it is costly,and faces competing imperatives for public spending. Highereducation finance is therefore salient to an extent that isnot yet fully appreciated in all countries, and is also immenselysensitive politically. This paper sets out the core lessonsfor financing higher education deriving from economic theoryand puts them alongside lessons from country experience. TheUK reforms announced in 2004 are assessed against the backdropof those two elements. A concluding section briefly maps outunfinished business. 相似文献
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197.
Nicholas M. Kiefer 《Journal of econometrics》1985,28(1):135-154
Score tests of the null hypothesis of exponentially distributed durations (conditional on regressors) against alternatives in a family of approximations to arbitrary distributions for non-negative random variables are developed. The test statistics take a simple, easily calculated and interpreted form. The alternatives considered are expansions of various orders in Laguerre polynomials. An economic model generating exponential unemployment duration is presented. The statistics are applied in a look at unemployment durations in the Denver Income Maintenance Experiment data. 相似文献
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This paper establishes that there are serious problems with the hypothesis that the Victorian climacteric was driven by the decline phase of steam as a General Purpose Technology. This is primarily because steam’s contribution to industrial output and labour productivity growth was stronger after 1870 than before and that the non-steam-intensive sectors exhibited an inverted U-shape in trend output growth through the 19th century, experiencing a marked slowdown between 1830 and the 1870s. Seeking to base an account of 19th century British growth primarily on the implications of steam is thus misconceived. 相似文献
200.
Dimitris Karlis George Tzougas Nicholas Frangos 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2018,2018(2):129-144
In view of the economic importance of motor third-party liability insurance in developed countries the construction of optimal BMS has been given considerable interest. However, a major drawback in the construction of optimal BMS is that they fail to account for the variability on premium calculations which are treated as point estimates. The present study addresses this issue. Specifically, nonparametric mixtures of Poisson laws are used to construct an optimal BMS with a finite number of classes. The mixing distribution is estimated by nonparametric maximum likelihood (NPML). The main contribution of this paper is the use of the NPML estimator for the construction of confidence intervals for the premium rates derived by updating the posterior mean claim frequency. Furthermore, we advance one step further by improving the performance of the confidence intervals based on a bootstrap procedure where the estimated mixture is used for resampling. The construction of confidence intervals for the individual premiums based on the asymptotic maximum likelihood theory is beneficial for the insurance company as it can result in accurate and effective adjustments to the premium rating policies from a practical point of view. 相似文献