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71.
This paper studies the existence of solutions in continuous time optimization problems. It provides a theorem whose conditions
can be easily checked in most models of the optimal growth theory, including those with increasing returns and multi-sector
economies.
相似文献
72.
Pascal Paillé Francois Grima Marie-Ève Dufour 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(4):520-546
The intent of the research was to examine the relationships between support, trust, satisfaction, commitment and work outcomes. The framework of social exchange theory was used as a guide. The research described in this study replicates in the public sector (N = 704) and previous findings obtained in a study conducted in the private sector. Consistent with the study in private sector, support is related to intention to leave and helping behavior to trust and satisfaction. Results are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Isabelle Girerd-Potin Sonia Jimenez-Garcès Pascal Louvet 《Journal of Business Ethics》2014,121(4):559-576
Social and environmental ratings provided by social rating agencies are multidimensional. The first goal of our paper is to identify a small number of independent and relevant socially responsible (SR) dimensions reflecting a firms’ coherent posture toward social issues. We put forward that these dimensions are not exactly the same as the ESG ones (Environment, Social, and Governance). Using the six sub-ratings provided by the Vigeo rating agency, we perform a principal component analysis and we highlight three main independent SR dimensions related to (1) business stakeholders (employees, customers, and suppliers), (2) societal stakeholders (environment and society), and (3) financial stakeholders (stockholders and debt holders). The second objective of our paper is to explore the link between stock returns and these three SR dimensions. Our most notable finding is that for each SR dimension, investors ask for an additional risk premium when they accept to hold non-socially responsible stocks. The cost of equity is thus lower for SR firms. The average premium over the period 2003–2010 is larger for the components “business stakeholders” and “financial stakeholders” than for the component “societal stakeholders.” The premium for this last component has only existed since the end of 2008. Since that time, environment and community involvement have become important risk factors strongly considered by investors. For the three dimensions, investors notably penalize large non-social firms and reward small social firms. 相似文献
74.
75.
The paper looks at the voluntary provision of governance to outside shareholders by an entrepreneur who takes his firm public
but remains a large shareholder after the IPO. We find that the entrepreneur always puts in place an independent board which
acts in the interests of the outside shareholders, but may put in place a friendly remuneration committee that ensures that
CEO pay is structured to suit the entrepreneur in the cases where the retained equity stake is sufficiently large. When comparing
this provision of governance to the provision preferred by a welfare maximizing regulator, we find that both voluntary overprovision
and underprovision of governance can happen. Overprovision of governance happens in the cases where the entrepreneur commits
to independence at the level of the remuneration committee when the regulator prefer a friendly remuneration committee. Underprovision
of governance takes the form of establishing a friendly remuneration committee (with an independent board), when the regulator
would prefer an independent remuneration committee (with a friendly board). We discuss the empirical predictions of the model. 相似文献
76.
We examine the implications of the liberalised economic conditions associated with the economic transformations in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for R&D and innovation in the food processing sector. We use a dataset derived from the World Bank's Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) database to examine the relationships between R&D/innovation activities in food processing firms in transition countries and (i) privatisation, (ii) foreign direct investment, (iii) trade activities, (iv) market competition pressure, and (v) economies of scale. The empirical analysis is implemented through: (i) a double‐hurdle model for R&D participation and expenditures, and (ii) a bivariate probit model for product and process innovation. We find that these economic transformations generally promote R&D/innovation activities in the food processing sector. Our results suggest that broadened and deepened economic liberalisation policies would improve the innovation performance of the food processing sector in transition countries, and would enhance competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. They also indicate that innovation policies may need to be tailored to market and industrial characteristics of different transition regions. 相似文献
77.
78.
Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu François-Charles Wolff Jason Shogren Pascal Gastineau 《Applied economics》2017,49(51):5200-5211
Interval bidding allows people to report a range of values for a non-market good. Herein, we allow people to choose their distribution over this range endogenously. We consider a multiplicative error model explaining the willingness to pay (WTP) which is estimated using a feasible generalized least squares estimator. We apply our framework to a representative sample of the French population who were asked about the valuation of a bear conservation programme. We find that most participants prefer stating their WTP as a range rather than a point, but the shape of the distribution greatly varies across people. Our results support the use of the interval bidding with endogenous distribution approach in valuation studies. 相似文献
79.
Pascal Lamy 《Intereconomics》2016,51(1):34-36
The recent phase of globalisation could be characterised as “wider”, whereas the next phase to come will be “deeper”. This new phase is likely to prove bumpier than the previous one, as the issues now at stake will have more to do with values or ethics, the interpenetration of which will be both economically necessary and politically difficult. In the medium term, the growth of the European economies will become more dependent on external trade, and thus these policy challenges will need to be addressed. 相似文献
80.
Pascal Salin 《Economic Affairs》1986,7(1):52-56
International banks, stimulated by a government weakening of property rights, have over-lent to uncredit-worthy borrowers and precipitated a crisis in the international financial system, according to Professor Pascal Salin of the Université de Paris-Dauphine. He argues that the return of responsibility can be accomplished only through o reliance on private - not government -capital administered by bankers who bear the risk of their own actions, and sound monetary policies to restore the value of savings through the reduction of inflation. 相似文献