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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
Onyeka K. Osuji 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(4):437-453
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005 (UCPD) attempts to achieve a full harmonization of the rules against unfair
business-to-consumer (B2C) practices. However, this paper argues that the UCPD cannot resolve disparities in national laws
because of a lack of clarity of concepts and the existence of uncertain substantive and enforcement provisions. This is demonstrated
by the Ferguson v British Gas case which extended the loosely formulated UK Protection from Harassment Act 1997 (PHA) to B2C harassment cases covered by
the UCPD. Ferguson highlights contradictions in the approaches of the two systems which suggest loopholes in the UCPD’s full harmonization goal.
As well as proposing the amendment of the PHA, the paper suggests that complete harmonization requires that issues of clarity
of concepts, definitions, liability, ancillary tort claims, and enforcement rights which create room for creative interpretations
and lack of uniformity should be addressed. A one-stop legislation approach to transposition can also improve harmonization. 相似文献
942.
Juan José Tarí 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(4):623-638
This article presents a systematic literature review on quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical
and social issues). It uses the literature review to identify the parallels between quality management and social responsibility,
the extent to which qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods are used, the countries that have contributed most to this
area, and how the most common quality management practices facilitate social responsibility. The literature review covers
articles about quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical and social categories) based on a computer
search in three databases, namely ABI Inform, Emerald and Science Direct, and includes articles dealing with the subject that
were found in the lists of references of the articles found in the primary search, as well as a search in six top management
journals. The results show (1) the journals most likely to publish this type of article; (2) the range of qualitative, quantitative
and mixed methods used; (3) the most productive countries in this field; (4) the parallels between quality management and
social responsibility; and (5) how the most common quality management practices facilitate ethical behaviour and social aspects. 相似文献
943.
Turbulence over the industry life cycle is examined for the case of Portugal using the lowest possible level of industry aggregation,
thus allowing for the use of panel data to study the evolution of product markets. Replacement of exiting firms by subsequent
entrants plays a primary role in generating turbulence in high growth markets, while displacement of incumbents by recent
entrants is the main selection force in declining markets. As the industry life cycle progresses, trial-and-error entry and
entry mistakes decrease, and turbulence subsides. 相似文献
944.
This paper focuses on the innovative actions of entrepreneurs, namely their tendency to reveal the intellectual capital that
results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge (patents).
Using data collected by the National Research Council within the US National Academies from their survey of firm’s that received
National Institutes of Health phase II Small Business Innovation Research awards between 1992 and 2001, we find that entrepreneurs
with academic backgrounds are more likely to publish their intellectual capital compared with entrepreneurs with business
backgrounds, who are more likely to patent their intellectual capital. We also find that, when universities are research partners,
their presence complements the tendencies of academic entrepreneurs but does not offset those of business entrepreneurs. 相似文献
945.
The extraordinary growth of the Irish economy since the mid-1990s—the ‘Celtic Tiger’—has attracted a great deal of interest,
commentary and research. Indeed, many countries look to Ireland as an economic development role model, and it has been suggested
that Ireland might provide key lessons for other EU members as they seek to achieve the objectives set out in the Lisbon Agenda.
Much of the discussion of Ireland’s growth has focused on its possible triggers: the long-term consequences of the late 1980s
fiscal stabilisation, EU structural funds, education, wage moderation and devaluation of the Irish punt. The industrial policy
perspective has highlighted the importance of inflows of foreign direct investment, but a notable absence from the discourse
on the ‘Celtic Tiger’ has been any mention of the role of new business venture creation and entrepreneurship. In this paper
we use unpublished Irish VAT data for the years 1988–2004 to provide the first detailed look at national trends in business
birth and death rates in Ireland over the ‘take-off’ period. We also use sub-national VAT data to shed light on spatial trends
in new venture creation. Our overall conclusions are that new business formation made no detectable contribution to the acceleration
of Ireland’s growth in the late 1990s, although we do find evidence of spatial convergence in per capita business stocks. 相似文献
946.
The Emergence of Individual Knowledge in a Group Setting: Mitigating Cognitive Fallacies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Daniel E. O’Leary 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2011,20(1):3-18
Research in psychology has found that subjects regularly exhibit a conjunction fallacy in probability judgments. Additional
research has led to the finding of other fallacies in probability judgment, including disjunction and conditional fallacies.
Such analyses of judgments are critical because of the substantial amount of probability judgment done in accounting, business
and organizational settings. However, most previous research has been conducted in the environment of a single decision maker.
Since business and other organizational environments also employ groups, it is important to determine the impact of groups
on such cognitive fallacies. This paper finds that groups substantially mitigate the impact of probability judgment fallacies
among the sample of subjects investigated. The key finding of this paper is the analysis of the apparent manner in which groups
make such decisions. A statistical analysis, based on a binomial distribution, suggests that groups investigated here did
not use consensus. Instead, if any one member of the group has correct knowledge about the probability relationships, then
the group uses that knowledge and does not exhibit fallacy in probability judgment. Having a computational model of the group
decision making process provides a basis for developing computational models that can be used to simulate “mirror worlds”
of reality or model decision making in real world settings. 相似文献
947.
Joint space multidimensional scaling maps are often utilized for positioning analyses and are estimated on survey samples
of consumer preferences, choices, considerations, or intentions so as to provide a concise spatial depiction of the competitive
landscape including relevant dimensions or attributes, competing brands, and consumers in the same joint space representation.
Care has to be given concerning the underlying scale properties of such survey data so as not to distort the resulting joint
space positioning map. We present a new joint space multidimensional scaling procedure for positioning analyses for displaying
the structure in such survey data when such common ordered successive category measurement scales such as Likert, Edwards,
semantic differential, etc., are employed. We present the technical details of this stochastic ordered preference multidimensional
scaling vector model as well as the maximum likelihood estimation-based algorithm devised for parameter estimation. Favorable
comparisons are made with several existent multidimensional scaling methods in representing the internal structure for such
data in marketing positioning studies. An actual commercial positioning application concerning large sports utility vehicles
consideration to buy judgments is presented with predictive validation comparisons with other multidimensional scaling joint
space procedures. 相似文献
948.
949.
Market-focused sustainability: market orientation plus! 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concept of sustainability is increasingly being addressed theoretically by scholars and practically by managers and policymakers.
With this growing focus on sustainability efforts, marketing is in a unique position to elevate its focus from managing relationships
with customers to strategically managing a broader set of marketplace issues. Overall, an organization achieves market-based
sustainability to the extent that it strategically aligns itself with the market-oriented product needs and wants of customers
and the interests of multiple stakeholders concerned about social responsibility issues involving economic, environmental,
and social dimensions. To set the stage for marketing’s inquiry into sustainability efforts, I briefly review the concept
of sustainability, compare it with corporate social responsibility, bring in stakeholders, argue for the notion of “market
orientation plus,” and consider the possibility that the notion of what sustainability encompasses is converging in the marketing
literature. 相似文献
950.
Michael D. Giebelhausen Stacey G. Robinson J. Joseph CroninJr. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(6):889-905
A truism in the marketing literature, and among many marketing practitioners, is that requiring consumers to wait negatively
impacts quality evaluations, purchase intentions and a range of other important outcomes. However, it is also true that consumer
waiting or queuing has historically been considered from an operations perspective. The present research takes a different
approach and examines waits in the context of their ability to function as a signal of quality. Four experiments demonstrate
a required wait can indeed signal quality to consumers and increase, rather than decrease, both purchase intentions and actual
experienced satisfaction. Three moderators of this effect are examined: preexisting knowledge, consumption motivations, and
the extent to which quality is difficult to objectively determine. The results suggest in situations where quality is important,
unknown or ambiguous, managers may increase consumer satisfaction by making consumers wait. 相似文献