Remarks on the strong law of large numbers for a triangular array of associated random variables

A strong law of large numbers for a triangular array of strictly stationary associated random variables is proved. It is used to derive the pointwise strong consistency of kernel type density estimator of the one-dimensional marginal density function of a strictly stationary sequence of associated random variables, and to obtain an improved version of a result by Van Ryzin (1969) on the strong consistency of density estimator for a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables.     

论税务机关的首要任务是提供纳税服务

本文从宪法对纳税人的基本要求、公共行政理论与建立服务型政府的目标、西方的税收理论和实践、为纳税人服务体系的基础地位、中国税收征管的实际情况等角度进行分析和论证,认为纳税服务应该是税务机关的首要任务。     

保额及费率的异常变化对财产保险经营的影响

近年来，随着市场竞争态势的加剧，我国财产保险市场保额和费率呈现异常变动态势，再保险公司的稳健经营、保险市场的竞争秩序、政府的监督管理及消费者利益的维护带来一系列负面影响。为改变这种状况，从宏观上政府监管机构应强化监管，行业协会应发挥好引导、协调、监督作用。大力加强全社会诚信体系建设；从微观层面上保险公司应加强内控管理、强化风险意识、削减经营成本、培育创新能力，建立一套完整的费率实施和管理体系。     

REGULARITIES IN TOKYO STOCK EXCHANGE SECURITY RETURNS: P/E,SIZE, AND SEASONAL INFLUENCES

Regularities in risk-adjusted returns for securities listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) are examined in this study. A significant price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio effect is documented for the first time for a non-U.S. market, the TSE. Significant interactions between the P/E effect and the previously documented size and seasonal effects for the TSE are also documented. These results imply that studies of TSE companies must account for these return regularities and that explanations for such effects observed for U.S. and other markets that are based on some unique aspect of these markets are likely to be inadequate.     

A large deviation result for the difference in sample medians

Let X_m and Y_n denote the medians of independent samples from continuous populations F and G respectively. In Theorem 1 of this note, a large deviation result for the difference d_mn= X_m- Y_n is established under the assumption that F and G arc symmetric about 0. The result is then used to define a sequential rule based on medians for selecting the best of K symmetric populations.     

ON CONSISTENT INTERGROUP COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER OF MONEY

There is some advantage in comparing price levels using consistent methods because this gives unique results. This paper examines some available methods of consistent comparison, pointing out difficulties associated with heterogeneous data, and suggesting adaptations yielding better comparisons. Next, the problem of non-availability of price and quantity decomposition is considered. Another problem relating to non-identical lists of commodities and quality differences is tackled by using linear programming instead of regression methodology, both methods using some transformed variables. The procedure suggested is likely eventually to be useful for comparison of dissimilar countries. Computations on some Indian population groups illustrate the findings.     

基于价格与信用的产业集群竞争优势博弈分析

产业集群是指某一特定区域内相互联系的企业与机构之间在地理上的集中,是介于市场和科层组织之间的一种新的空间经济组织形式.产业集群内企业之间的博弈可以导致某种企业均能接受、具有一定市场稳定性、与一般市场价格相比具有一定竞争优势的市场均衡价格.同时在产业集群内部,由于违背信任的代价高昂,企业有足够的动力维持相互之间的信任与合作关系,比邻而居的企业之间由于频繁的交往和经常性的合作,产生了面对面的观察与学习的便利性,可产生较强的联合行动效应.企业通过合作达成资源、信息上的共享,促进由于创新带来技术上的升级,从而使集群内企业互惠互利、共同发展.