YouTubers’ networking activities during the 2016 South Korea earthquake

While YouTube has become an important social networking platform for risk and crisis communications, research into its role and use during environmental disasters has not been conducted. The present study investigates how Korean YouTubers reacted during the 2016 Gyeongju earthquakes. Two kinds of data were collected from the most popular YouTube clips on the earthquake (from AfreecaTV and YonHap news): the most frequently used words in the replies to the comments and the networked forums among YouTubers. Findings suggest that YouTube has become a channel for quickly increasing public awareness of crises and for promoting safety strategies. InDegree Centralization is higher in professional videos. Hierarchy measure’s value is one, which means the reply-to network is not two-way. There is sparse close-knittedness in amateur videos. Community clusters emerge in amateur videos over time. The results also reveal that YouTubers on AfreecaTV are more likely to express emotional opinions than their counterparts on YonHap news are.     

Modularization of hybrid censoring schemes and its application to unified progressive hybrid censoring

In this paper, a structural analysis of hybrid censoring models is presented. This new modularization approach to hybrid censoring models enables a convenient derivation of distributional results. For instance, it allows to derive the exact distribution of the MLEs under an exponential assumption for very complex hybrid scenarios. In order to illustrate the benefit of this idea, we apply it to four new unified progressive hybrid censoring schemes. They are extensions of already proposed unified Type-I/II/III/IV hybrid censoring schemes to progressively Type-II censored data. The resulting analysis shows that the modularization approach provides a powerful, efficient, and elegant tool to study even more complex hybrid censoring models.     

The elasticity of taxable income and income-shifting: what is “real” and what is not?

Previous literature shows that income taxation significantly affects the behavior of high-income earners and business owners. However, it is still unclear how much of the response is due to changes in real economic activity, and how much is caused by tax avoidance. In this paper, we distinguish between real responses and income-shifting between tax bases. We show that separating income-shifting responses can largely affect the welfare analysis of income taxation. In our empirical example of Finnish business owners, we find that income-shifting accounts for a majority of the overall elasticity of taxable income, which significantly decreases the marginal excess burden.