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871.
Afonso Planas Raposo de Almeida Costa Pedro Pita Barros 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2012,12(1):119-141
The question of how interventions from the Competition Authority (CA) affect investment is not a straightforward one: a tougher
competition policy might, by reducing the ability to exert market power, either stimulate firms to invest more to counter
the restrictions on their actions, or make firms invest less because of the reduced ability to have a return on investment.
This tension is illustrated using two models. In one model investment is own-cost-reducing whereas in the other investment
is anti-competitive. Anti-competitive investments are defined as investments that increase competitors’ costs. In both models
the optimal level of investment is reduced with a tougher competition policy. Furthermore, while in the case of an anti-competitive
investment a tougher authority necessarily leads to lower prices, in the case of a cost-reducing investment the opposite may
happen when the impact of the investment on cost is sufficiently high. Results for total welfare are ambiguous in the cost-reducing
investment model, whereas in the anti-competitive investment model welfare unambiguously increases due to a tougher competition
policy. 相似文献
872.
Francisco Mas-Verd?? Anthony Wensley Martin Alba Jos?? Mar??a Garc??a ??lvarez-Coque 《Service Business》2011,5(3):195-212
This article aims to estimate the contribution of KIBS to the innovation system. Data on innovation gathered from national
and European databases are analyzed using a methodology based on an input–output framework to estimate the drive for innovation
in the Spanish economy and the contribution of KIBS. KIBS are found to be crucial to both the creation and diffusion of innovation.
From among the four classifications of sectors analyzed herein, KIBS is found to be the only significant net generator of
innovation. 相似文献
873.
María del Carmen Triana Kwanghyun Kim María Fernanda García 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(2):333-342
Using the scope of justice perspective (Deutsch in J Soc Issues 31(3):137–149, 1975; Opotow in Conflict, cooperation, and justice: essays inspired by the work of Morton Deutsch, 1995, J Soc Issues 52:19–24, 1996), we examined whether and how the relationship between perceived discrimination against minorities at work (i.e., racial minorities and females) and citizenship behavior toward minorities can be modified by personal value for diversity. Based on a survey of 173 employees, unexpectedly, we found a negative relationship between perceived discrimination against minorities at work and citizenship behavior toward minorities. However, consistent with our expectations and the scope of justice, we found that the negative relationship was attenuated for those high in personal value for diversity. 相似文献
874.
This paper seeks to analyse if the capital structure decisions of service small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are different
from those of other types of firm. To do so, we consider four research samples: (i) 610 service SMEs; (ii) 126 service large
firms; (iii) 679 manufacturing and construction SMEs; and (iv) 132 manufacturing and construction large firms. Using the two-step
estimation method, the empirical evidence obtained in this study shows that the capital structure decisions of service SMEs
are different from those of other types of firm. Service SMEs’ capital structure decisions are closer to the assumptions of
Pecking Order Theory and further removed from those of Trade-Off Theory compared with the case of other types of firm. 相似文献
875.
We analyze firm and environmental factors influencing the decision to outsource and outsource offshore R&D services. To do so, we have adopted a co-evolutionary approach adapted to firm internationalization, according to which these decisions are conditioned by the institutional environment (the IPR system), managerial intentionality (firms’ international strategy) and organizational path dependence and learning (firms’ technological and governance capabilities). Specifically, we argue that: (1) firms with more technological capabilities will tend to both outsource and outsource offshore R&D services, (2) the positive effect of technological capabilities would be leveraged when the institutional context of the firms’ country of origin has allowed them to transform their technological expertise into governance capabilities, and (3) that those firms with a higher local responsiveness attitude will be more likely to outsource offshore R&D services. We have found support for our hypotheses using survey data from a sample of 182 technology intensive firms from the European Union and the US. 相似文献
876.
Carmen Lorca Juan Pedro S��nchez-Ballesta Emma Garc��a-Meca 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(4):613-631
Does the board of directors influence cost of debt financing? This study of a sample of Spanish listed companies during the period 2004?C2007 provides some evidence about the question. The results suggest that two board attributes ?C director ownership and board activity ?C appear to influence in the risk assessment of debtholders because of their ability to reduce agency cost and information asymmetry. We also find a non-linear relationship between board size and cost of debt, suggesting that from certain levels the benefits of large boards may be outweighed by the cost of poorer communication and increased decision-making time. 相似文献
877.
Betting on sports is widespread. Book making can be profitable but the practice is illegal in the United States. The internet allows this activity to move to offshore locations like Costa Rica. The internet also lowers entry barriers and makes pricing more transparent which could lead to hyper competition. Using odds for four World Cup soccer games the case reader can calculate the expected profitability for several bookies (sportsbooks). Price dispersion does not disappear with the internet, even for gambling which entails no movement of merchandise. Strategy is important. Sportsbooks must decide on segments, product mix and geographic scope. 相似文献
878.
María de la Cruz Déniz-Déniz Juan Manuel García-Falcón 《Journal of Business Ethics》2002,38(4):339-370
To survive and be successful in today's setting of globalisation and complexity, companies are obliged to think in wider strategic terms, developing active and enterprising strategies that include social, political and ecological elements, besides the economic ones. The analysis of the relationship between companies and society is especially interesting when these companies operate in international markets. Countries demand that large corporations contribute to local, regional and national development in such a way that their resources are exchanged for a significant increase in their citizens' quality of life. Faced with that fact, the aim of this work is to establish what actions the subsidiaries will take in order to offer a response to the needs of their stakeholders in the host countries. Secondly, we attempt to identify the factors explaining the different levels of social response of the subsidiaries established in a particular country by different parent companies. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of Spanish subsidiaries in the two manufacturing industries with most foreign investment (the chemical and automobile industries) and the results obtained both confirmed the validity of the tool used to measure social response and permitted us to determine which factors influence the institutionalisation of social responsiveness. 相似文献
879.
Isabel-María García-Sánchez Lázaro Rodríguez-Ariza José-Valeriano Frías-Aceituno 《International Business Review》2013,22(5):828-838
The complexity of the business world has led to growing demands being made of companies regarding the information provided on their financial performance, management, corporate governance and sustainability record. In response, some leading companies have begun to publish integrated reporting, in the form of a document providing a coherent summary of this information, thus facilitating decision-taking by different stakeholders.The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Hofstede national cultural system, which is representative of the values of local stakeholders, on integrated reporting, in comparison with the provision of various unrelated documents on corporate performance. The results obtained show that companies located in societies with stronger collectivist and feminist values are in the vanguard of information integration. 相似文献
880.
Sales promotions (SP) are short‐term instruments usually designed to yield an immediate sales effect. Previous research has suggested that SP can be seen as detrimental to a brand's consumer franchise/equity as, in the long term, SP deteriorates brand value. In this paper, we theoretically broaden the scope of SP research relation to the following topics: strategy concept, marketing strategy, the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) concept, the specific nature of each SP instruments and the underlying processes associated with consumer uptake of SP. We present findings that illustrate managers' perceptions of the positioning of SP instruments. We argue that the strategic nature of SP needs to be incorporated into marketers' research agendas. 相似文献