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81.
Per G. Fredriksson Xenia Matschke Jenny Minier 《The Canadian journal of economics》2011,44(2):607-626
Abstract We provide a theory of trade policy determination that incorporates the protectionist bias inherent in majoritarian systems, suggested by Grossman and Helpman (2005) . The prediction that emerges is that in majoritarian systems, the majority party favours industries located disproportionately in majority districts. We test this prediction using U.S. data on tariffs, Congressional campaign contributions, and industry location in districts represented by the majority party over the period 1989–97. We find evidence of a significant majority bias in trade policy: the benefit to being represented by the majority party appears at least as large in magnitude as the benefit to lobbying. 相似文献
82.
Sofie Kragh Pedersen Alexander K. Koch Julia Nafziger 《Bulletin of economic research》2014,66(Z1):S147-S166
Little is known about the demand side of paternalism. We investigate attitudes towards paternalism among Danish students. The main question is whether demand for paternalism is related to self‐control, either because people with self‐control problems seek commitment devices to overcome these problems, or because people with good self‐control want those who lack it to change their behaviours. We find no evidence linking self‐control to attitudes towards weak forms of paternalism (e.g., nudges or information about health consequences). But respondents with good self‐control are significantly more favourable towards strong paternalism (e.g., restricting choices or sin taxes) than those struggling with self‐control. 相似文献
83.
This article analyzes effects and implications of New Public Management (NPM) when implemented in the civil service systems in New Zealand and Norway, focusing especially on the effects of devolution and contractualism on political control. Using a transformative perspective, we interpret these effects as a result of a melding of environmental factors, polity features and national historical-institutional constraints. Norway scores low on both environmental and internal factors enhancing administrative reform, furthering a soft version of NPM and small changes in political control. In contrast a combination of external pressure, weak countervailing cultural forces and ‘elective dictatorship’ in New Zealand produces a radical version of NPM, resulting in a weakening of central political control. 相似文献
84.
Damoun Ashournia Per Svejstrup Hansen Jonas Worm Hansen 《Review of International Economics》2013,21(5):1048-1059
This paper analyzes how a reduction in trade costs influences the possibility for firms to engage in international cartels, and hence how trade liberalization affects the degree of competition. We consider a particular intra‐industry trade model amended to allow for firms producing differentiated products. Our main finding is that trade liberalization may have an anti‐competitive effect. We find that there is no unique relation between a reduction in trade costs and the degree of competition. When products are differentiated, a lowering of trade costs is pro‐competitive if trade costs are initially high, but anti‐competitive if trade costs initially are low. Hence, trade policy is not necessarily a substitute for competition policy. 相似文献
85.
Patrik Hesselius Per Johansson Johan Vikström 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2013,115(4):995-1019
By making use of a large‐scale randomized experiment, we test whether social behaviour is important for work absence due to illness. The individuals treated in the experiment were exposed to less monitoring of their eligibility to collect sickness insurance benefits, which sharply increased their non‐monitored work absence. This exogenous variation is exploited in two complementary analyses. In both analyses, we find significant social‐behaviour effects. Using detailed data, we conclude that the social‐behaviour effects most likely stem from fairness concerns. 相似文献
86.
Per Sandin Martin Peterson Sven Ove Hansson Christina Rudén André Juthe 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(4):287-299
We defend the precautionary principle against five common charges, namely that it is ill-defined, absolutist, and a value judgement, increases risk-taking, and marginalizes science. We argue, first, that the precautionary principle is, in principle, no more vague or ill-defined than other decision principles and like them it can be made precise through elaboration and practice. Second, the precautionary principle need not be absolutist in the way that has been claimed. A way to avoid this is through combining the precautionary principle with a specification of the degree of scientific evidence required to trigger precaution, and/or with some version of the de minimis rule. Third, the precautionary principle does not lead to increased risk-taking, unless the framing is too narrow, and then the same problem applies to other decision rules as well. Fourth, the precautionary principle is indeed value-based, but only to the same extent as other decision rules. Fifth and last, the precautionary principle is not unscientific other than in the weak sense of not being exclusively based on science. In that sense all decision rules are unscientific. 相似文献
87.
We consider the properties of three estimation methods for integrated volatility, i.e. realized volatility, Fourier, and wavelet estimation, when a typical sample of high-frequency data is observed. We employ several different generating mechanisms for the instantaneous volatility process, e.g. Ornstein–Uhlenbeck, long memory, and jump processes. The possibility of market microstructure contamination is also entertained using models with bid-ask bounce and price discreteness, in which case alternative estimators with theoretical justification under market microstructure noise are also examined. The estimation methods are compared in a simulation study which reveals a general robustness towards persistence or jumps in the latent stochastic volatility process. However, bid-ask bounce effects render realized volatility and especially the wavelet estimator less useful in practice, whereas the Fourier method remains useful and is superior to the other two estimators in that case. More strikingly, even compared to bias correction methods for microstructure noise, the Fourier method is superior with respect to RMSE while having only slightly higher bias. A brief empirical illustration with high-frequency GE data is also included. 相似文献
88.
Journal of Regulatory Economics - Despite a developing literature exploring the relationship between regulation, taxation and business startups, few studies have utilized artefactual experimental... 相似文献
89.
Trine Pilgaard Mikkel Hasse Pedersen Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen 《Journal of medical economics》2020,23(10):1084-1091
Abstract
Aims
Wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt) is a fast progressing and fatal disease associated with substantial delays in diagnosis. Between the first symptoms and diagnosis, patients are frequently hospitalized, primarily with cardiac symptoms. After diagnosis, patients continue to experience frequent hospital admissions. The objective of this study was to estimate the Danish diagnostic and lifetime hospital costs associated with the treatment of patients with ATTRwt both before and after they are diagnosed. 相似文献90.
Peter D. Ørberg Jensen Torben Pedersen 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2012,40(2):313-328
During the past decade, offshoring has become an established business practice. Yet it is still more common to offshore less
advanced tasks compared with offshoring more advanced tasks, i.e., tasks closer to the core activities of the firm. The latter
is a new phenomenon which raises many new issues on the boundaries of the firm. More or less advanced tasks can be found within
all activities, e.g., in sales and marketing where telesales is on the less advanced end of the scale while branding and identity
building are on the advanced end of the scale. This article focuses on the antecedents of advanced offshoring, exploring what
causes firms to offshore some of their more advanced tasks. Our findings indicate that while the lower cost of unskilled,
labor-intensive processes is the main driver for firms that offshore less advanced tasks, the offshoring of advanced tasks
is part of firms’ strategy to achieve international competitiveness through access to cross-border knowledge flows and foreign
knowledge resources. Furthermore, offshoring of advanced manufacturing tasks seems to be more widespread and experience-based
than the offshoring of advanced service tasks. 相似文献