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101.
102.
The study addresses the implications MNC strategies have for linkage effects in developing countries. Two contrasting MNC strategies, which reflect an integration-responsiveness dichotomy, are scrutinized in terms of their effects on jobs among local linkage partners in developing countries. It is hypothesized that the investments of MNCs pursuing local responsiveness create more jobs among local linkage partners, but imply less job upgrading, when compared to investments undertaken by MNCs following strategies of global integration. The hypotheses are tested on a sample of Danish MNCs with extensive investments in developing countries. 相似文献
103.
Dietmar Petersen 《Intereconomics》1982,17(4):167-172
Shrinking reserves of oil and natural gas at a time of increasing global energy requirements can mean a new future for coal, large reserves of which exist, half of them In the Western sphere of influence. The “renaissance of coal”, however, is not a natural law which operates on its own. The sooner the necessary decisions are taken on a world-wide basis, the more effectively will coal be able to play its new role in the international energy industry and the less will be the frictional losses along the road to a new energy future. 相似文献
104.
Hans W. Gottinger Hans H. Glismann Gerd-R. Steffen Peter Trapp Paulgeorg Juhl Harmen Lehment Torsten Tewes Thomas Mayer Hans-Georg Petersen Paulgeorg Juhl Rolf J. Langhammer 《Review of World Economics》1980,116(2):380-403
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
105.
106.
Hans-Georg Petersen Paulgeorg Juhl Hilde Wander Berndt Lehbert Ulrich Fehl Gunter Steinmann Manfred Neldner Ranadev Banerji Harald Hagemann Torsten Tewes 《Review of World Economics》1979,115(3):573-600
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
107.
In this paper we propose a target efficiency DEA model that allows for the inclusion of environmental variables in a one stage model while maintaining a high degree of discrimination
power. The model estimates the impact of managerial and environmental factors on efficiency simultaneously. A decomposition
of the overall technical efficiency into two components, target efficiency and environmental efficiency, is derived. Estimation
of target efficiency scores requires the solution of a single large non-linear optimization problem and provides both a joint
estimation of target efficiency scores from all DMUs and an estimation of a common scalar expressing the environmental impact
on efficiency for each environmental factor. We argue that if the indices on environmental conditions are constructed as the
percentage of output with certain attributes present, then it is reasonable to let all reference DMUs characterized by a composed
fraction lower than the fraction of output possessing the attribute of the evaluated DMU enter as potential dominators. It
is shown that this requirement transforms the cone-ratio constraints on intensity variables in the BM-model (Banker and Morey
1986) into endogenous handicap functions on outputs. Furthermore, a priori information or general agreements on allowable handicap values can be incorporated into
the model along the same lines as specifications of assurance regions in standard DEA.
相似文献
O. B. OlesenEmail: |
108.
Are Ethical Codes of Conduct Toothless Tigers for Dealing with Employment Discrimination? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study examined the influence of two organizational context variables, codes of conduct and supervisor advice, on personnel
decisions in an experimental simulation. Specifically, we studied personnel evaluations and decisions in a situation where
codes of conduct conflict with supervisor advice. Past studies showed that supervisors’ advice to prefer ingroup over outgroup
candidates leads to discriminatory personnel selection decisions. We extended this line of research by studying how codes
of conduct and code enforcement may reduce this form of discrimination. Eighty German managers evaluated and selected candidates
from an applicant pool including Germans (ingroup members) and foreigners (outgroup members). Supervisor advice to prefer
ingroup members lowered suitability ratings of outgroup members as well as their chances to be selected for an interview.
Ethical codes of conduct referring to equal opportunities limited this form of discrimination, but only when codes were enforced
by sanctions and integrated into organizational every-day practice. The implications of these findings for research and practice
are discussed.
相似文献
Franciska KringsEmail: |
109.
Whether development aid promises to be successful depends not least on the conditions prevalling in the developing countries themselves. A study commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation has examined whether it is possible to identify universal requirements for successful development in Third World countries. Its main findings are presented below. 相似文献
110.
How valuable is word of mouth? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The customers who buy the most from you are probably not your best marketers. What's more, your best marketers may be worth far more to your company than your most enthusiastic consumers. Those are the conclusions of professors Kumar and Petersen at the University of Connecticut and professor Leone at Ohio State University, who analyzed thousands of customers in research focused on a telecommunications company and a financial services firm. In this article, the authors present a straightforward tool that can be used to calculate both customer lifetime value (CLV), the worth of your customers' purchases, and customer referral value (CRV), the value of their referrals. Knowing both enables you to segment your customers into four constituent parts: those that buy a lot but are poor marketers (which they term Affluents); those that don't buy much but are very strong salespeople for your firm (Advocates); those that do both well (Champions); and those that do neither well (Misers). In a series of one-year experiments, the authors demonstrated the effectiveness of this segmentation approach. Offering purchasing incentives to Advocates, referral incentives to Affluents, and both to Misers, they were able to move significant proportions of all three into the Champions category. Both companies reaped returns on their marketing investments greater than 12-fold--more than double the normal marketing ROI for their industries. The power of this tool is its ability to help marketers decide where to focus their efforts. Rather than waste funds encouraging big spenders to spend slightly more while overlooking the power of customer evangelists who don't buy enough to seem important, you can reap much higher rewards by nudging big spenders to make referrals and urging enthusiastic proponents of your wares to buy a bit more. 相似文献