重新审视供应链控制权

多年以来,OEM已经将越来越多的供应链职责外包给他们的电子制造服务(EMS)合作伙伴.而如今却正出现一种相反的苗头:分析师们表示一些OEM正从EMS公司那里收回一部分此前外包出去的战略原料采购职责.但这也不会是一种彻底的收回,也就是说,他们不会自己建立仓库或者直接进行日常所需原料的采购,取而代之的是,OEM将控制那些具有战略意义、价值很高的原料的采购.     

摩托罗拉的平衡术

当2004年初接任技术巨擘摩托罗拉公司的董事长兼首席执行官(CEO)时,EdZander一定感觉得到,即使是在观看魔术表演或者打保龄球时,自己脖子上依然绕着一根无形的、随时可能勒紧的绳索.这位此前担任Sun Microsystems公司总裁兼首席运营官(COO)的先生入主摩托罗拉公司时,公司的主打业务--手机业务正一而再、再而三地错过主导市场、功能升级以及至关重要的铺货时间.摩托罗拉公司的第二大业务部门--半导体部门,自2000年来一直处于亏损状态.     

请定期更新合同

与电子行业发展的瞬息万变相比,你几乎很难相信供应链各方草拟、签署并一成不变地执行一份合同长达五年之久.     

Knowledge Intensity and Knowledge Bases in Internationalization Patterns of SMEs in the Food Sector

This article seeks to enhance understanding of the link between knowledge resources and internationalization patterns of small and medium-size enterprises in the food sector. Knowledge resources are described using the concepts of knowledge intensity and knowledge bases. The study is exploratory and is based on 6 Italian case studies. Four research questions (RQs) are formulated and several considerations are provided. The originality of this article consists of suggesting a framework by combining knowledge intensity and knowledge bases dimensions. Such concepts have not been previously combined and applied in the internationalization literature, neither in general nor about the food sector.     

Linear-quadratic approximation of optimal policy problems

We consider a general class of nonlinear optimal policy problems with forward-looking constraints, and show how to derive a problem with linear constraints and a quadratic objective that approximates the exact problem. The solution to the LQ approximate problem represents a local linear approximation to optimal policy from the “timeless perspective” proposed in Benigno and Woodford (2004, 2005) [6], [7], in the case of small enough stochastic disturbances. We also derive the second-order conditions for the LQ problem to have a solution, and show how to correctly rank alternative simple policy rules, again in the case of small enough shocks.     

看透"可配置性"

直到18个月前,可配置处理器(CP)最辉煌的时刻还一直停留在1996年.那一年,任天堂公司取得了ARC International公司1993年开发的一款可配置IP核的使用授权,作为其超级任天堂产品的图形加速器.     

现有语音网络寿命延长

自从上世纪90年代早期互联网起步以来,电信运营商面临的最大问题已经演变为如何使用现有语音网络来有效地传输打包数据.通过网络传输数据的比例逐年增加,这也是电信运营商的盈利点所在,但是问题在于,使用现有网络传输数据效率极低.     

Modelling technical change in Italian agriculture: a latent variable approach

This paper presents an alternative approach to the measurement of technical change. It is based on the latent variable level of technology that enters explicitly the input demand system and on a hypothesis about the innovation generating process. By adding measurement error equations, the behavioral system can be viewed as a Multiple Indicators/Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. The parameter estimates are obtained with a maximum likelihood estimator which involves the implicit covariance matrix. The analysis refers to Italian agriculture and the results provide some evidence on the nature and level of technical change during the years 1961–1991.     

Addiction and interaction between alcohol and tobacco consumption

This paper adopts a multi-commodity habit formation model to study whether unhealthy behaviors are related, i.e. whether there are contemporaneous and inter-temporal complementarities between alcohol and tobacco consumptions in Italy. To this aim time series data of per-capita expenditures and prices during the period 1960 to 2002 are used. Own price elasticities are negative and tobacco appears to be more responsive than alcohol demand, although both responses are less than unity. Cross price elasticities are also negative and asymmetric thus suggesting complementarity. A “double dividend” could then be exploited, because public policy needs to tackle the consumption of only one good to control the demand of both. These results show that the optimal strategy for maximizing public revenues would be to raise alcohol taxation more than tobacco taxation. Finally, past consumption of one addictive good does not significantly reinforce current consumption of the other. We thank participants to the Annual Conference of the European Society for Population Economics, Verona June 2006; the 61st European Meeting of the Econometric Society, Vienna August 2006, and participants of the conference “Individual and Collective Choices in Health Protection”, Genoa November 2005 for helpful comments. We would also like to thank, without implicating, Pier Luigi Rizzi and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Financial support from the University of Siena, PAR grant (Atheneum Research Grant), is gratefully acknowledged.     

Inflation Differentials in a Currency Area: Facts,Explanations and Policy

The determinants of inflation differentials in a currency area are analyzed both from an empirical and a theoretical perspective. The empirical analysis shows that a sizeable dispersion of HICP inflation rates across euro-area countries arises mostly in the components based on non-traded goods. There is also a significant cross-country heterogeneity in the response to changes in a common latent factor which accounts for a large fraction of the dispersion in national inflation rates. A stylized model of a currency area is used to understand the interrelation among shocks, structures and policies in driving the data generating process. The model shows that the dynamic of the inflation differentials is largely driven by the variability of productivity in the non-tradable sector of the more flexible economy. Conversely, the output differentials is largely driven by the variability in the productivity of the tradable sector, also of the more flexible economy. Optimal policy is investigated together with an analysis of the optimal adjustment to adopting a common currency with initial incorrect real exchange rate parity.