Getting a feel for price affect: A conceptual framework and empirical investigation of consumers' emotional responses to price information

Behavioral pricing research is cognitively biased. Therefore, the research agenda for this paper is to examine consumers' emotional responses to price information, or price affect. A conceptual framework of price affect based on appraisal theory is proposed. Moreover, a psychometric measure of price affect capturing positive and negative emotions is derived. A field experiment involving N = 1533 consumers reveals that a price increase leads to changes in price affect. Also, negative price affect is related to passive consumer behavior, whereas positive price affect is associated with proactive consumer behavior. Yet, a price increase reduces the importance of price affect in predicting consumer behavior. In addition, both price cognitions and price affect mediate the effect of a price increase on consumer behavior. Consistent with appraisal theory, a price increase exerts its causal influence on price affect through changes in price cognitions. Similarly, price affect mediates the effect of price cognitions on consumer behavior. Finally, price affect improves the prediction of consumer behavior beyond price cognitions. Results suggest that price affect is a stand alone, previously overlooked predictor of consumer behavior. Implications are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Individual Vessel Quota Price-induced Effects for Canadian Pacific Halibut: Before and After Alaska IFQs

Two significant management changes have affected the British Columbia Pacific halibut fishery. The first was the implementation of the British Columbia individual vessel quota (IVQ) program in 1991, which tended to increase ex vessel prices. The second was Alaska's decision to follow its own individual fishery quota program in 1995, which tended to decrease British Columbia ex vessel prices. In a previous journal paper, the market driven ex vessel price increases for the British Columbia IVQ halibut fishery was estimated for 1991–1994. This paper examines the price‐ induced effects from 1995 to 1998 and quantifies how much of the previous price‐induced IVQ increases remained after Alaska went to IFQs. Results indicate that approximately one‐half of the price advantages of the British Columbia IVQ system was lost after Alaska went to the IFQs. However, a substantial revenue advantage remains, with the revenues estimated to have been $16.1 million higher during 1995–98 than would have occurred if both the British Columbia and Alaska had not put the individual quota programs into place. This brings the estimated total eight‐year British Columbia Pacific halibut revenue increase due to IVQs at $39.5 million. Deux grands changements de gestion ont bouleversé le secteur de la pêche du flétan du Pacifique en Colombie‐Britannique. Le premier a été la mise en place, en 1991, du contingent individuel de prises par vaisseau (IVQ) qui a eu pour effet général d'accroître les prix du poisson au débarquement. Le deuxième a été l‘adoption par l'Alaska en 1995 de son propre programme de contingent individuel de pêche, qui a eu en général un effet négatif sur les prix des poissons débarqués en Colombie‐ Britannique. L'avantage du programme IVQ était qu'il permettait de mettre en marché un produit de meilleure qualité durant la presque totalité de l'année. Dans un article précédent, nous examinions les effets des prix résultant du programme IVQ pour les années 1991 à 1994. Nous examinons id les effets pour les années 1995 à 1998 et nous quantifions la pan des accroissements d'IVQ générés par les prix qui subsistait après que l'Alaska ait adopte son propre régime. Il semble qu'approximativement la moitié de l‘avantage de prix obtenu par le régime IVQ de la Colombie‐Britannique ait été perdue avec l'entrée en application du régime de l'Alaska. Il reste encore, cependant, des avantages subtantiels, comme en fait foi le niveau plus élevé des revenus de la pêche du flétan, qui ont été de 16,1 millions de dollars canadiens plus élevés dans la période 1995–1998 que si aucun des deux regimes de contingentement n'avait pas été mis en place. L'accroissement global pour la Colombie‐Britannique des recettes tirées de la pêche du flétan du Pacifique depuis l'adoption du IVQ en 1991 s'établit donc à 39,5 millions de dollars canadiens.     

AGRICULTURAL PRICE PROTECTION,IMPORT DEPENDENCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF WHEAT

This article analyses determinants of agricultural price protection for one important food, wheat, in a pooled cross-country and time-series analysis. For the aggregate sample it is shown that wheat price protection increases with a rising level of economic development and with a growing import dependence in wheat. Beyond this general pattern, the paper shows that the variation in wheat price protection can be significantly better explained if qualitative variables are introduced additionally into the model. For example, in Japan, in the Northern European countries and during the commodity price boom (1973–75), wheat price protection followed a specific pattern. Income elasticities and import-dependence elasticities of wheat price protection are computed for all countries in 1968–80, and additionally for various sub-regions and sub-periods.     

The sources of use knowledge: Towards integrating the dynamics of technology use and design in the articulation of societal challenges

This paper reviews three strands of the innovation literature that have presented innovation as a distributed process that combines knowledge of designers and users: user innovations, Science and Technology Studies (STS), and domestication research. These literatures have explored different aspects of the micro-processes through which use and design knowledge are locally embedded. This paper pulls together insights from the literatures, and identifies an important gap: the connections between the local embedding of use and design knowledge, and the meso dynamics of industrial and technological change. The paper then develops a number of integrating concepts and propositions for a framework to study the co-evolution of use and design in innovation processes. It also demonstrates that this framework is most valuable in researching how societal challenges become articulated over time in processes of technological change and innovation.     

A New Typology for Economic Sectors with a view to Policy Implications

This paper is an attempt to tease out a typology of economic sectors based on a systems approach to innovation and economic growth that may be useful for policy analysis. The typology explored here revolves around novel products rather than ethereal knowledge-producing entities. This insight goes back to Allyn Young (1928) and Joseph Schumpeter (1934) who argued that the introduction of new goods was the engine of economic growth. More precisely, our typology of sectors focuses on novel products which are efficiency-enhancing within and between sectors through the market mechanism. The scheme revolves around the relationship between 'Enabling' and 'Recipient' sectors (which gives the typology its name: ER), and offers a lens for viewing and interpreting a substantive part of the mechanics of modern economic growth. The last part of the paper briefly discusses a few immediate policy implications, although it has the potential for greater use and value in this regard.