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1.
2.
Summary. We build a finite horizon model with inside and outside money, in which interest rates, price levels and commodity allocations are determinate, even though asset markets are incomplete and asset deliveries are purely nominal.Received: 2 July 2003, Revised: 1 December 2004 JEL Classification Numbers:
D50, E40, E50, E58.Correspondence to: J. Geanakoplos 相似文献
3.
Double Moral Hazard,Monitoring, and the Nature of Contracts 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Pradeep Agrawal 《Journal of Economics》2002,75(1):33-61
generalized double-sided moral-hazard model, with risk-averse parties who mutually monitor each other (to get a reasonable idea of outcome/effort).
The model considers trade-off between monitoring costs and moral hazard costs, which are endogenously determined by the extent
of monitoring.
Using this model, we formally prove a generalized version of Coase's conjecture – that the optimal contract minimizes the
agency and risk costs. We then show how varying assumptions about the feasibility or cost of monitoring of the outcome or
the worker's effort lead to different contracts being optimal. The analysis is then used to explain the nature of contracts
observed in practice under many different situations. We will give an explanation as to why industrial workers typically work
under wage contracts, while share contracts are common in agriculture and will explain why profit sharing is more common for
senior managers than for the production workers.
Received September 19, 2000; revised version received October 30, 1997 相似文献
4.
In this paper, we investigate whether information on the history of purchase intentions is useful in predicting actual purchase behavior. The research is motivated by two factors. The first
factor is the empirical finding in the literature that measuring intentions just prior to purchase provides better predictions
of actual purchase as compared to when these intentions are measured earlier. The second factor is the role of the timing
of the formation of intentions prior to purchase. While one stream of literature based on preference fluency predicts that
early formation of intentions is more likely to lead to actual purchase, the other stream based on the memory-based “recency”
effect predicts that formation of intentions just prior to purchase is more likely to lead to actual purchase. Together, these
two factors motivate the potential need to account for the entire history of intentions prior to purchase. A canonical example
of a market where intention histories are tracked is the movie industry, where “first choice” movie watching intentions are
tracked up to (and in some cases beyond) the time of release. Accommodating the history of intentions in an econometric model
that predicts actual box office performance is challenging due to the differing numbers of observations for the movies, the
large numbers of observations for certain movies, as well as the role of various time-invariant and time-varying covariates
influencing intentions. We propose a two-part model where the first part involves a hierarchical growth model that summarizes
the trajectories of intentions via “growth factors.” These growth factors also reflect the role of the various covariates.
The second part is a regression of the box office performance on the growth factors and other covariates. The models are simultaneously
estimated within a Bayesian framework. Consistent with the previous literature, we find that including information on intentions
improves our ability to predict behavior, with the recent intentions being the most informative. Importantly, when the history
of intentions is accounted for, our results indicate that the data support the “recency” literature—intentions grow over time
leading up to purchase, and this growth has a positive impact on opening box office performance. While a linear growth model
performs best for most movies, there exists a subset of movies for which the quadratic growth model better captures the “spike”
in intentions just prior to purchase. Further, accounting for information on the history of intentions dramatically improves
model fit and forecasting performance relative to when only the intentions at one point in time (e.g., the ones just prior
to purchase) are accounted for. 相似文献
5.
As product offerings of multinational enterprises (MNEs) continue to primarily serve the relatively well-to-do consumers in emerging economies, innovations to meet the unique affordability and acceptability criteria of masses at the base of the pyramid (BoP) continues to remain a daunting challenge. The academic literature is sparse on comprehensive in-depth studies about the intricate processes involved in shaping and managing technology development for the masses. Focusing on product innovation by Tata Motors of India with the Nano—the world's cheapest car, our case study aims to understand how the innovator's choices regarding the use of technology, product design and organizational practices for new product development enabled it to meet the challenge of innovation for India's masses. Drawing on Christensen's work on disruptive innovations, our analysis shows how frugal use of resources through a new combination of existing component technologies created a new modular product to achieve the unique price–performance requirements demanded by the BoP. Our findings show that collaboration with suppliers for component design and their early integration in the design phase substantially lowered costs and helped eliminate unnecessary frills whilst incorporating features valued by mass markets. Our study has important managerial implications for MNEs and provides critical insights into the processes for a new blueprint for an untapped market segment in the automobile industry. 相似文献
6.
Khalid Mehmood;Pradeep Kautish;Sachin Kumar Mangla;Ahsan Ali;Yigit Kazancoglu; 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2024,33(5):4175-4197
The pursuit of net-zero economy goals and government emphasis on sustainable performance has compelled numerous firms to focus on sustainable production through the adoption of net-zero economy-based green innovation. The digital transformation of manufacturing systems and supply chains, supported by the utilization of big data and the adoption of net-zero economy-oriented lean practices in the presence of net-zero economy-based green practices, can converge to enhance net-zero economy-based green innovation in manufacturing firms. This convergence leads to an improvement in green competitive advantage and net zero-based green performance. To examine the aforementioned linkages using a framework based on the dynamic capabilities view paradigm, a time-lagged design was employed to collect data from 594 manufacturing firms. The empirical findings indicate that big data analytics capabilities and net-zero economy-oriented lean practices of firms significantly influence net-zero economy-based green innovation. Green organizational identity strengthens the effect of net zero-based green innovation on green competitive advantage and net zero-based green performance. 相似文献
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9.
Pradeep A. Rau 《国际广告杂志》2013,32(4):313-321
In recent years, multinational corporations have increasingly employed advertising in markets where their products are not available. Such ‘awareness advertising’ is only in small part for products that are likely to be introduced in those markets in the near future. A significant and larger part of awareness advertising is for products that are unlikely to be sold in the particular market because of government restrictions on commercial importation and sale. In this paper, we will analyse the motivation behind the use of awareness advertising, the benefits that multinational firms may receive from such advertising and its implications for international market segmentation. The paper concludes with a discussion of areas for fruitful future research on awareness advertising. 相似文献
10.