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901.
Joaquín Guzmán Cuevas Felipe Rafael Cáceres Carrasco 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(4):488-494
In the field of territorial economic growth, it is possible to identify important characteristics in the entrepreneurial structure,
such as the structure of the size of firms, main activity sectors, or the degree of innovation. However, other lesser known
characteristics are important also, such as functional dependency, which considers the relationship between small and medium
enterprises (SMEs), and suppliers and clients belonging to any territorial field or productive dependency, which considers
the level of concentration in terms of buying and selling in connection with the main suppliers and clients, respectively.
In order to empirically contrast the importance of these entrepreneurial characteristics and try to relate them with territorial
economic growth, a sample of 400 enterprises in the province of Seville (Spain) is used.
相似文献
902.
Koichi Kawamoto 《Journal of Economics》2007,91(1):41-67
Using an overlapping generations model in which human capital accumulation has positive external effects on the production
of the human capital of future generations, this paper analyzes implications of agents’ having preferences for educational
status, represented by human capital holdings relative to the social average. Examining the value and sign of the optimal
distortionary tax in the optimal taxation scheme, we analyze the efficiency of the level of human capital accumulation in
a decentralized economy. The desire for educational status can compensate for insufficient accumulation of human capital stemming
from human capital externalities directed toward future generations. 相似文献
903.
Encouraging firms to develop voluntarily more comprehensive environmental management systems (EMSs) is touted as a policy
tool to augment mandatory environmental regulations. Using a unique dataset of environmental management practices of Japanese
manufacturers and controlling for self-selection bias in survey responses, we find that proxies for regulatory pressures and
consumer pressures are the most important factors that motivate firms toward more comprehensive EMSs. Despite the oft-claimed
“voluntary” nature of EMS development, our results show that the government may have a role to play in both directly and indirectly
affecting EMS development by firms.
相似文献
904.
This study reports experiments that examine outcomes when agents choose between a payment scheme that rewards based on absolute
performance (i.e., piece rate) and a scheme that rewards based on relative performance (i.e., a tournament). Holding total
payments in the tournament constant, performance is higher when the tournament option is winner-take-all compared to a graduated
tournament (i.e., second and third-place performers also receive a payment). Performance is higher in the winner-take all
tournaments even among participants that choose the piece-rate option. While there is a modest amount of overcrowding, there
are no significant differences in overcrowding across conditions. Entry rates into the tournament and the relative ability
of tournament entrants (compared to non-entrants in the same condition) are higher in the graduated tournament condition than
the winner-take-all conditions. Consequently, the winner-take-all tournament is more efficient than the graduated tournament
(incentive effects are stronger and the overcrowding is about the same), but the graduated tournament provides a more effective
mechanism to identify the most capable performer in a talent pool.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at .
JEL Classification D8 · J3 · L2 相似文献
905.
Our matching problems feature agents with endowments facing certain division rules. At any matching, the endowments of agents are reallocated between the matched pairs according to some given division rule, and this opens doors to an iterated matching problem and rematching, and to manipulation of some matching rules via segmentation. In this form of manipulation a coalition breaks off from the rest, matches within itself and rejoins the complementary coalition for a rematching at the new endowment profile. Under certain division rules this may benefit the coalition who breaks off without hurting the complementary coalition. Furthermore, both may benefit by first matching internally and then rejoining for a new match. 相似文献
906.
We explore the relation between two ‘rationality conditions’ for stochastic choice behavior: regularity and the weak axiom
of stochastic revealed preference (WASRP). We show that WASRP implies regularity, but the converse is not true. We identify
a restriction on the domain of the stochastic choice function, which suffices for regularity to imply WASRP. When the universal
set of alternatives is finite, this restriction is also necessary for regularity to imply WASRP. Furthermore, we identify
necessary and sufficient domain restrictions for regularity to imply WASRP, when the universal set of alternatives is finite
and stochastic choice functions are all degenerate. Results in the traditional, deterministic, framework regarding the relation
between Chernoff’s condition and the weak axiom of revealed preference follow as special cases. Thus, general conditions are
established, under which regularity can substitute for WASRP as the axiomatic foundation for a theory of choice behavior. 相似文献
907.
This paper presents an agent-based simulation model with local network externality to analyze strategic interactions over
investment on new economic knowledge. R&D knowledge flows and spillovers are the results of non-cooperative games played between
neighboring agents in the model. The model demonstrates a situation where no agents have incentives to hide their economic
knowledge, a situation that is observed in open source software development projects. The likelihood of obtaining a stable
situation where new economic knowledge is openly shared is increased when heterogeneity of agents is introduced.
相似文献
908.
Synopsis Two competing models, reproductive skew and skew selection, have been constructed to explain the evolution of cooperation
among unrelated breeders. Reproductive skew is a trade-off model that assumes breeding occurs under scarce resource conditions.
One breeder gains units of fecundity at the expense of other breeders during aggressive, altruistic or tug-of-war transactions.
After joining, the distribution of fecundity among breeders shifts from symmetrical to asymmetrical. In contrast, skew selection
is a surplus model that assumes breeding occurs during a springtime glut. Skew selection assumes that fecundity among breeders
is initially asymmetrical and that joining reduces the asymmetry of fecundity. This paper reports findings from a breeding
experiment on the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, which supported skew selection rather than reproductive skew. Joining was a win-win strategy for alpha and beta breeders;
beta breeders gained within-group survival benefits; alpha breeders gained between-group survival benefits. In summary, skew
selection extends Darwin’s theory of natural selection by revealing the self-interested core of cooperative breeding.
相似文献
909.
We compare the effects of two types of foreign direct investment (FDI) (viz., FDI for trade cost saving and FDI for signaling
foreign cost of production) on consumer surplus, profit of the host-country firm and host-country welfare. We show that the
effects are dramatically different. If the reason for FDI is to save trade cost, FDI (compared to export) always makes the
consumers better off and the host-country producer worse off, while the effect on host-country welfare is ambiguous. However,
if the FDI is to signal the foreign cost of production, FDI (compared to export) always makes the host-country producer better
off and increases host-country welfare, while it makes the consumers almost always worse off. 相似文献
910.
Roberto Rodríguez-Ibeas 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,36(2):237-254
In this paper, we have considered a duopolistic model of environmental product differentiation with two types of consumers
(green and brown) to analyze how environmental awareness affects the environment. “Green” consumers value the physical and
environmental attributes of the good they purchase while “brown” consumers only value the physical attributes. We find that
more environmental awareness may not be good news for the environment as the firm that produces the good without environmental
attributes may increase its sales. The result depends on the degree of product differentiation and the cost to achieve it.
Social welfare can also be inversely related to environmental awareness if the negative environmental effect dominates the
positive market effect.
相似文献