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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Faltermayer E 《Fortune》1992,126(14):84-88
Memo to Clinton's transition team: forget those tough expenditure ceilings you're considering. Look instead at what managed competition is already accomplishing. 相似文献
52.
Summary The exact mean square error for the ratio estimator of a finite population total based on simple random sampling without replacement
is shown to have an expected value less than that of the variance of the ratio estimator based on Midzuno’s scheme, under
a usual super-population model. 相似文献
53.
A bstract . A simple framework is presented for the analysis of the local employment, income, sales , and local government impacts of landing North Sea gas at either of two Norwegian kommunes (municipalities). These impacts indicate the different forms of economic change arising from a major economic development event. The average annual net change in these economic measures is estimated for the operational phase of a gas terminal. The analysis indicated substantial differences in local and regional net gains. Both sites yielded positive neteconomic gains, which means noneconomic and national considerations become key decision determinates. These national issues provide the setting to judge the local/regional net gains. The unresolved questions include the national benefits and costs of the landing decision given the small scale of the Norwegian economy, potential future gas finds, and a fully employed economy. 相似文献
54.
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine optimale Strategie im Sinne des minimalen erwarteten Verlustes für die beiden Entscheidungeny>y
o undyy
o aufgrund der Messungen einer mitY positiv korrelierten, einfacher und/oder billiger zugänglichen ZufallsvariablenX abgeleitet. Dabei wird angenommen, daßX undY nach einer bivariaten Normalverteilung mit bekannten Parametern verteilt sind und die Entscheidungyy
o getroffen wird, wennx größer ist als ein zu bestimmendesx
o, und die Entscheidungy>y
o, wennx gleich oder kleiner als diesesx
o ist. Für die Bestimmung des optimalenx
o werden zunächst die Kosten für die beiden Fehlentscheidungen jeweils als konstant vorausgesetzt, in einem weiteren Ansatz wird jedoch für die Mißklassifikationyy
o eine mity exponentiell wachsende Risikofunktion angenommen. Um die relative Häufigkeit der zu erwartenden Fehlklassifikationen abschätzen zu können, wird schließlich die bedingte WahrscheinlichkeitP(x>x
o,y) errechnet.
Summary An optimal strategy, with minimum expected risk, for the decisionsy>y o oryy o is constructed on the basis of the measurement of a variableX, which is positively correlated withY and can be measured more easily and/or with smaller expense. A bivariate normal distribution with known parameters is assumed forX andY. For the observationsx a limitx o is aimed at, so that the decisionsy>y o oryy o are taken ifx>x orxx o respectively. Optimal values ofx o are first calculated under the assumption of constant losses for the two misclassifications (x>x o ifyy o andxx o ify>y o). In a further approach the loss for a wrong decisionyy o is assumed to increase exponentially withy. Finally the conditional probabilityP (x>x o\y) is calculated to get an assessment of the relative frequencies of wrong decisions to be expected.相似文献
55.
Summary A procedure is proposed in this paper for testing the shape parameter, of the Weibull distribution. The test statistic which is based on the extremal quotient, possesses a monotone property which makes it possible for rejection earlier than the last planned observation of the null hypothesis,H
0: =0 when the alternative hypothesis isH
a: <0 and early acceptance ofH
0 whenH
a: >0. The test being scale-free, does not require the scale parameter to be known. 相似文献
56.
Prof. Dr. G. Bruckmann 《Metrika》1969,14(1):183-213
Zusammenfassung Nach einer kritischen Analyse der Begriffe „absolute“ und „relative“ Konzentration werden einige Kriterien gegeben, die Ma?zahlen
der absoluten oder der relativen Konzentration zu erfüllen haben. Hierauf wird untersucht, inwieweit die gebr?uchlichsten
Ma?zahlen der Konzentration (Gini, Herfindahl, Münzner) diese Kriterien erfüllen. Dann wird gezeigt, da? sich eine vonAdam angegebene, sehr allgemeine Klasse von Ma?zahlen als Ma?zahlen der absoluten Konzentration qualifizieren; einige wichtige
Spezialf?lle werden genauer untersucht. Im vorletzten Teil der Arbeit werden Ma?zahlen für die Ver?nderung der Konzentration
diskutiert und schlie?lich an einem praktischen Beispiel erprobt.
Summary After analysing the concepts of “absolute concentration” versus “relative concentration”, some criteria for coefficients of concentration are given to qualify them either as measures for absolute or for relative concentration. On the basis of these criteria, some well-known coefficients (Gini, Herfindahl, Münzner) are examined. Furthermore, it is shown that the measures of “predictivity” as given byAdam can be regarded as coefficients of absolute concentration; some important special cases (one of which the Herfindahl index) are investigated. Finally, measures for the change in concentration are developed and applied to a practical example.相似文献
57.
Dr. R. -D. Reiss 《Metrika》1976,23(1):7-14
It is shown that minimum distance estimators for families of unimodal densities are always consistent; the rate of convergence is indicated. An algorithm is proposed for computing the minimum distance estimator for the family of all unimodal densities. References are given to the maximum likelihood method and the kernel method. 相似文献
58.
59.
Human resource management (HRM) is a term which is now widely used but very loosely defined. In this paper it is argued that if the concept is to have any social scientific value, it should be defined in such a way as to differentiate it from traditional personnel management and to allow the development of testable hypotheses about its impact. Based on theoretical work in the field of organizational behaviour it is proposed that HRM comprises a set of policies designed to maximize organizational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality of work. Within this model, collective industrial relations have, at best, only a minor role. Despite the apparent attractions of HRM to managements, there is very little evidence of any quality about its impact. Furthermore very few UK organizations appear to practise a distinctive form of HRM, although many are moving slowly in that direction through, for example, policies of employee involvement. 相似文献
60.
Summary In this paper it is investigated whether robust estimation procedures for the parameters of a regression model are also applicable when the observations are generated by the errors-in-variables model. Specifically, attention is paid to bounded-influence estimators, i.e. estimators that are constructed in such a way that the influence of a single observation on the outcome of the estimator is bounded. Both the classical errors-in-variables model and models with contaminated observational errors are considered.The authors are indebted to a referee for his valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献