Estimation of poverty measures with auxiliary information in sample surveys

The analysis of poverty measures has been receiving increased attention in recent years. This paper contributes to the literature by developing percentile ratio estimators based on the pseudo empirical likelihood method. In practice, variances of poverty measures could be not expressible by simple formulae and consequently other techniques should be used in the variance estimation stage. Assuming percentile ratios, resampling techniques are investigated in this paper. A numerical example based on data from the Spanish Household Panel Survey is taken up to illustrate how suggested procedures can perform better than existing ones. The effect of a model-misspecification on the proposed estimators is also evaluated by using simulated populations.     

Elasticities of substitution and complementarity

This paper develops a classification scheme of the many different definitions of elasticities of substitution and complementarity in the production case based on primal and dual representations of technology and their related direct and inverse demand functions, gross and net substitution, elasticity type, and three different basic concepts of substitution and complementarity. The ten elasticities of substitution are derived from the cost, profit, input distance, and revenue functions. All the elasticities are equally valid for single and multi-output technologies. The classic Berndt-Wood dataset is used to show the considerable variation across the elasticities.     

The measurement of pay discrimination between job assignments

The traditional Becker/Arrow model of taste discrimination in pay depicts majority and minority labour as perfectly substitutable, implying that all workers perform precisely the same job assignment and have the same qualifications. The model is thus only appropriate for determining whether ceteris paribus pay differences between white workers and non-white workers, for example, performing job assignment A are attributable to prejudice (‘within-assignment discrimination’). The model is inappropriate for determining whether ceteris paribus pay differences between white workers in assignment A and non-white workers in assignment B reflect prejudice (‘cross-assignment discrimination’). We extend the traditional model to allow for cross-assignment discrimination and we propose an empirical methodology for its estimation. In so doing we address two broad questions: (1) Do predictions about cross-assignment discrimination vary with the form of the production function?; and (2) How can one estimate such discrimination when there is no common measure of productivity? We address the first question by deriving a measure of cross-assignment discrimination for four different production functions—Generalized Leontief, Quadratic, CES, and Cobb-Douglas. The Generalized Leontief provides the most general results, although closed form solutions are not possible. Closed form solutions are obtainable from the other three functions, but only under restrictive assumptions. There are two main findings. First, most predictions are generally robust across functional forms. Second, cross-assignment discrimination depends upon productivity and labour supply differences between the two worker groups, labour market structure, and the interaction between relative group productivity and prejudice. We address the second question by outlining, for future exploration, a two-stage regression methodology in which a standardised (i.e. common) measure of productivity is estimated separately for each occupation. This measure is then incorporated as a right-hand-side explanatory variable in a second-stage, all-occupation regression designed to estimate cross-assignment discrimination. We discuss the proposed methodology with reference to a valuable and interesting test case: The market for professional sports players.     

超越同级的豪华商务座驾BMW5系Li

这一代BMW5系Li的轴距注定是一座里程丰碑,它的领先、它的豪华为同级无法超越,BMW5系Li已经继承了BMW7系的行政气息,这种行政感直逼奔驰的S级。     

基于成本动因分析的油气矿区供应链价值增值路径研究

结合油气矿区生产经营特点,分析了矿区供应链价值增值路径;在成本动因分析的基础上,构建了油气矿区供应链分析模型,将成本发生与价值创造紧密结合,以期为供应链价值提升和流程优化创造条件。     

建设长三角区域卷烟物流配送中心的构想

在对中国烟草物流发展面临的形势与发展取向以及建设长三角区域卷烟配送中心的必要性讨论的基础上,提出浙江嘉兴是建设长三角区域卷烟物流配送中心优良选址地,并对建设长三角区域卷烟物流配送中心提出构想。     

Ⅴ型复苏与产业链供应链有效修复——2020年外向型经济发展调查报告

2020年,我国外向型经济发展整体呈现出V型的运行特征.下半年以来,我国外向型经济在国内产业链供应链得到有效恢复的基础上,抓住了全球总需求结构调整和贸易方式转变的机遇,形成了外贸出口的快速增长,并带动了外商直接投资流入速度的加快和国内海外投资规模的扩张.从2020年经济增长情况来看,外向型经济将成为我国经济最重要的支撑力量和结构板块之一.     

疫情冲击下企业减负的特征、风险与应对——基于江苏、安徽、贵州、黑龙江的调研

为客观反映我国企业成本的变化情况,中国财政科学研究院“企业成本和地方财政经济运行”调研综合评估组于2020年10-11月赴江苏省、安徽省、贵州省、黑龙江省及所辖的8个市县,围绕“企业成本和地方财政经济运行”展开专题调研.调研发现,各地自2016年以来实施的一系列企业减负政策,取得了一定成效,特别是2020年推出力度空前的减负“组合拳”,有效对冲了疫情风险,基本实现了预期目标.但企业减负仍面临成本结构性上涨、政策不确定性、阶段性政策退出、财政可持续性等痛点以及风险对冲长期化问题.建议从风险对冲的视角,不断完善降低企业成本的政策措施,进一步改善企业预期.     

经济持续回暖,下行压力依然存在——2020年经济运行分析及2021年经济形势展望

本文结合2020年全年的数据,分析了2020年经济运行及2021年经济形势展望.认为2020年中国经济复苏向好,但经济恢复基础尚不牢固.2021年中国经济持续回暖,下行压力依然存在.新冠疫情对全球经济具有深远结构性影响,世界金融市场较为平稳,货币政策维持宽松基调.主要的政策建议包括:从全球看宏观经济政策短期应稳定支持力度,长期应推进经济结构改革;应对未来不确定性,我国积极财政政策需保持持续稳定,货币政策常态化需协调推进;政策和改革并举提振消费需求,稳定工业生产向好趋势,精准施策解决就业结构性问题;稳定和改善预期仍是政策出台和制度改革的关键所在.