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排序方式: 共有126条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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We examine the influences of political party affiliation and self-identification as politically conservative, centrist, or liberal on individuals' trade preferences. Majority support for trade is reported for all political classifications, with Republicans found to be 13.7%–15.1% more likely than Democrats and independents to support trade. Similarly, conservatives are 14.8%–21% more likely to support trade than are centrists and liberals; however, distinctions exist between "very conservative" and "somewhat conservative" cohorts. ( JEL F13) 相似文献
37.
This article analyzes the subsequent unemployment risk of a sample of Swedish employees in 1991. We find that non-European immigrants face an unemployment risk twice as large as the corresponding risk for native workers despite controls for employee characteristics, the 1991 wage rate, and sorting across establishments with varying unemployment risks. Although all employees enjoy higher job security with higher seniority, large differences in unemployment risk by region of birth remain for workers with similar seniority levels. This suggests that labor unions and employers deviate from seniority rules established by the Swedish Security of Employment Act in favor of native workers. 相似文献
38.
Aggregative Public Good Games 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We exploit the aggregative structure of the public good model to provide a simple analysis of the voluntary contribution game. In contrast to the best response function approach, ours avoids the proliferation of dimensions as the number of players is increased, and can readily analyze games involving many heterogeneous players. We demonstrate the approach at work on the standard pure public good model and show how it can analyze extensions of the basic model. 相似文献
39.
Employers' willingness to control costs is a critical aspect of pro-competition strategies for the health-care market. Here, we present some of the first quantitative evidence of what employers do to control health-care costs. Our sample is 44 large private and public employers in Minnesota.
We develop a theoretical model in which the employer chooses cost-control "innovations"—along with wages, fringe benefits, and labor-force size—to maximize profits. The role of innovations is to reduce unit costs of offering fringe benefits.
Our data are from a 1982 survey. Eighty percent of the surveyed employers, representing nearly 200,000 employees, responded. Most respondents offer both indemnity insurance plans and health-maintenance organizations (HMOs). Many firms and individual health-insurance plans conduct cost-control activities, but less than half of the firms which offer HMOs have adopted level-dollar premium contributions for their family health-insurance policies. Few plans have increased their coinsurance and deductible requirements in the past five years.
We use probit equations to estimate the probability that a firm or a health plan will adopt cost-control activities. Our analysis suggests that many firms may soon make major plan-design changes to control health-care costs, although they have not yet done so. 相似文献
We develop a theoretical model in which the employer chooses cost-control "innovations"—along with wages, fringe benefits, and labor-force size—to maximize profits. The role of innovations is to reduce unit costs of offering fringe benefits.
Our data are from a 1982 survey. Eighty percent of the surveyed employers, representing nearly 200,000 employees, responded. Most respondents offer both indemnity insurance plans and health-maintenance organizations (HMOs). Many firms and individual health-insurance plans conduct cost-control activities, but less than half of the firms which offer HMOs have adopted level-dollar premium contributions for their family health-insurance policies. Few plans have increased their coinsurance and deductible requirements in the past five years.
We use probit equations to estimate the probability that a firm or a health plan will adopt cost-control activities. Our analysis suggests that many firms may soon make major plan-design changes to control health-care costs, although they have not yet done so. 相似文献
40.
Recent empirical evidence shows that price‐cost margins in the market for bank credit are countercyclical in the U.S. economy and that this cyclical behavior can be explained in part from the fact that switching banks is costly for customers (i.e., from a borrower hold‐up effect). Our goal, in this paper, is to study the “financial accelerator” role of these countercyclical margins as a propagation mechanism of macroeconomic shocks. To do so, we apply the “deep habits” framework in Ravn, Schmitt‐Grohé, and Uribe (2006) to financial markets to model this hold‐up effect within a monopolistically competitive banking industry. We are able to reproduce the pattern of price‐cost margins observed in the data, and to show that the real effects of aggregate total factor productivity shocks are larger the stronger the friction implied by borrower hold‐up. Also, output, investment, and employment all become more volatile than in a standard model with constant margins in credit markets. An empirical contribution of our work is to provide structural estimates of the deep habits parameters for financial markets. 相似文献