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871.
Jeremy Galbreath 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,104(3):421-432
Most studies on climate change response have examined reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet these studies do not
take into account ecosystem services constraints and biophysical disruptions wrought by climate change that may require broader
types of response. By studying a firm in the wine industry and using a research approach not constrained by structured methodologies
or biased toward GHG emissions, the findings suggest that both “inside out” and “outside in” actions are taken in response
to climate change. While attempts are made by the firm to curtail and reverse climate change through management of carbon
emissions, evidence suggests a clear pattern of actions designed to adjust to the adverse consequences of climate change as
well. The results both confirm and extend previous findings and suggest that the level and breadth of response to climate
change is shaped by situated attention, structural controls, and industry type. 相似文献
872.
Destructive narcissism is recognized increasingly as a serious impairment to good corporate leadership and ethical conduct.
The Chief Executive Officer’s letter to shareholders (an important formal corporate communications medium) has potential to
provide linguistic traces of destructive narcissism and insight to aspects of corporate leadership and the ambient ethical
culture of a company. We demonstrate this potential through selective analyses of the letters of the Chief Executive Officers
of Enron, Starbucks, and General Motors. 相似文献
873.
Martina Schäfer Melanie Jaeger-Erben Aguinaldo dos Santos 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(1):175-196
In current political and scientific debates on sustainable consumption, the low- and middle-income classes of emerging countries
are gaining attention. One common feature of such debates is the idea that these emerging consumer classes could be motivated
to “leapfrog” directly to environmentally and socially aware consumption patterns and, thereby, avoid adopting the resource-intensive
consumption styles of populations in industrialized countries. To be able to adapt sustainable product development or sustainable
communication strategies to the needs of low- and medium-income classes, it is necessary to know more about the basic consumption
orientations, current consumption habits, and future consumption aspirations of these societal groups. In order to contribute
towards filling that knowledge gap, an exploratory survey was conducted, taking the example of emerging low- and middle-income
classes in a Southern Brazilian city. The survey identified five different consumer types: the Home-Centered Traditionals, the Indifferent, the Up-to-date Privileged, the Wanna-be Materialists, and the Quality of Life-Oriented Postmaterialists. The paper outlines some ideas concerning how these types can be addressed with target-group-specific products and services
as well as differentiated sustainability communication strategies. We conclude, however, that “leapfrogging” of Brazilian
low- and middle-income classes towards sustainable consumption is not a very likely option. There are certain consumption
orientations that sustainability strategies can link to, but these trends are not likely to compensate the general tendencies
towards a resource-intensive lifestyle following the model of the industrialized countries. 相似文献
874.
Onyeka K. Osuji 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(4):437-453
The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005 (UCPD) attempts to achieve a full harmonization of the rules against unfair
business-to-consumer (B2C) practices. However, this paper argues that the UCPD cannot resolve disparities in national laws
because of a lack of clarity of concepts and the existence of uncertain substantive and enforcement provisions. This is demonstrated
by the Ferguson v British Gas case which extended the loosely formulated UK Protection from Harassment Act 1997 (PHA) to B2C harassment cases covered by
the UCPD. Ferguson highlights contradictions in the approaches of the two systems which suggest loopholes in the UCPD’s full harmonization goal.
As well as proposing the amendment of the PHA, the paper suggests that complete harmonization requires that issues of clarity
of concepts, definitions, liability, ancillary tort claims, and enforcement rights which create room for creative interpretations
and lack of uniformity should be addressed. A one-stop legislation approach to transposition can also improve harmonization. 相似文献
875.
Juan José Tarí 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,102(4):623-638
This article presents a systematic literature review on quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical
and social issues). It uses the literature review to identify the parallels between quality management and social responsibility,
the extent to which qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods are used, the countries that have contributed most to this
area, and how the most common quality management practices facilitate social responsibility. The literature review covers
articles about quality management and social responsibility (focusing on ethical and social categories) based on a computer
search in three databases, namely ABI Inform, Emerald and Science Direct, and includes articles dealing with the subject that
were found in the lists of references of the articles found in the primary search, as well as a search in six top management
journals. The results show (1) the journals most likely to publish this type of article; (2) the range of qualitative, quantitative
and mixed methods used; (3) the most productive countries in this field; (4) the parallels between quality management and
social responsibility; and (5) how the most common quality management practices facilitate ethical behaviour and social aspects. 相似文献
876.
This article explores the hypothesis that third parties are motivated to seek information about agents who have behaved unethically
in the past, even if the agent and available information are irrelevant to the third parties’ goals and interests. We explored
two possible motives for this information seeking behavior: deonance, or the motive to care about ethics and justice simply
for the sake of ethics and justice, and distrust-based threat monitoring. Participants in a consumer decision task were found
to seek out information about an agent who had behaved unethically even when the agent was explicitly excluded from the task;
there were no intentions to purchase from the agent; performance expectations for the agent’s product were low; the information
that could be sought was non-diagnostic, redundant or irrelevant to an ethical judgment; and alternatives in the market offered
as good or better value as the unethical agent. Critically, this information seeking took place even when the observer could
disengage from and was not vulnerable to the agent. The findings are discussed in terms of third party information seeking
and its effects on ethical behavior in the marketplace. 相似文献
877.
Turbulence over the industry life cycle is examined for the case of Portugal using the lowest possible level of industry aggregation,
thus allowing for the use of panel data to study the evolution of product markets. Replacement of exiting firms by subsequent
entrants plays a primary role in generating turbulence in high growth markets, while displacement of incumbents by recent
entrants is the main selection force in declining markets. As the industry life cycle progresses, trial-and-error entry and
entry mistakes decrease, and turbulence subsides. 相似文献
878.
Junfu Zhang 《Small Business Economics》2011,36(2):187-208
Entrepreneurs with prior firm-founding experience are expected to have more skills and social connections than novice entrepreneurs.
Such skills and social connections could give experienced founders some advantage in the process of raising venture capital.
This paper uses a large database of venture-backed companies and their founders to examine the advantage associated with prior
founding experience. Compared with novice entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs with venture-backed founding experience tend to raise
more venture capital at an early round of financing and tend to complete the early round much more quickly. In contrast, experienced
founders whose earlier firms were not venture-backed do not show a similar advantage over novice entrepreneurs, suggesting
the importance of connections with venture capitalists in the early stage of venture capital financing. However, when the
analysis also takes into account later rounds of financing, all entrepreneurs with prior founding experience appear to raise
more venture capital. This implies that skills acquired from any previous founding experience can make an entrepreneur perform
better and in turn attract more venture capital. 相似文献
879.
Manuel Carlos Vallejo 《Small Business Economics》2011,36(1):47-64
The results of research of the utilitarian type on the culture of the family firm is reported here. A model is built and defined
on the basis of the main arguments supporting the following theories: general systems theory, neoinstitutional theory, transformational
leadership theory, field theory, learning theory, and group dynamics theory. The resulting model is an instrument that can
be used to deepen our understanding of the organizational culture of this type of firm. It should prove to be a powerful tool
to exploit the competitive potential of this culture, which has often been noted in the literature. 相似文献
880.
This paper focuses on the innovative actions of entrepreneurs, namely their tendency to reveal the intellectual capital that
results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge (patents).
Using data collected by the National Research Council within the US National Academies from their survey of firm’s that received
National Institutes of Health phase II Small Business Innovation Research awards between 1992 and 2001, we find that entrepreneurs
with academic backgrounds are more likely to publish their intellectual capital compared with entrepreneurs with business
backgrounds, who are more likely to patent their intellectual capital. We also find that, when universities are research partners,
their presence complements the tendencies of academic entrepreneurs but does not offset those of business entrepreneurs. 相似文献