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31.
This paper has a number of purposes. First, it revisits the older theory of reserve adequacy and optimality to see whether this can still be used and perhaps strengthened in ways that would inform the current debate. Second, it explores the connection between reserve adequacy and currency crisis in the light of recent experience and empirical research. Third, it critically investigates alternative rule‐of‐thumb measures of reserve adequacy. Fourth, and drawing on the foregoing analysis, it examines the extent to which crisis countries should seek to replenish and build up their international reserves in the post‐crisis period. Additional owned reserves represent a guaranteed and unconditional source of liquidity; is this what is needed? 相似文献
32.
In this article, the authors reflect on the development of the discipline of marketing. In the process, they point out the salient aspects of modern marketing and comment on the possible directions that it can take as it develops further. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
33.
Dispatching and routing of emergency vehicles in disaster mitigation using data fusion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The aim of this paper is to develop a robust methodology for the dispatching and routing of emergency vehicles (EVs) in a post-disaster environment with the support of data fusion. In this work, we consider an earthquake scenario with a large number of casualties needing medical attention. Given an influx of information (regarding casualties, road, traffic conditions, etc.), data are fused to provide estimates of the entities under consideration. We use this information to dispatch and route EVs to casualty pickup locations, followed by delivery to appropriate hospitals. Key factors here include patient priorities, clustering criteria, and distance. Similarly, factors affecting the dispatching of EVs from patient locations to hospitals include waiting time at hospital emergency rooms, hospital capacity, and distance. Routes must be generated for EVs by accounting for real-world road networks, existing road damage, congestion, and related issues. We develop a dispatching and routing simulation model, and utilize a case study to evaluate the performance of our proposed methodology. 相似文献
34.
Abstract The huge increase in international reserve holdings by Asian countries since the 1997 crisis has been one of the most important recent developments on the international financial scene. These buildups have contributed substantially to concerns about the creation of excessive global liquidity. How justified these concerns are depends heavily on the extent to which the reserve accumulating countries have been able to sterilize the effects on their domestic monetary aggregates. We use a unified theoretical framework to undertake dynamic estimations of the magnitude of sterilization and offset coefficients (which measure the degree of capital mobility) for a large set of Asian economies. We find that despite substantial capital mobility there has been a high degree of effective sterilization to date. 相似文献
35.
Many factory managers are hesitant about implementing a just-in-time system due to concern about the dip in productivity that occurs. Here, a simple analytic model is used to study the trade-off between disruption and learning/improvement on a production line. While simple, the model is shown to capture many of the effects of just-in-time mentioned in the literature.Using insights from the model, an attempt is made to identify those factors to which successful implementation of just-in-time is most sensitive. 相似文献
36.
It is by now common knowledge that there can be a significant divergence in the de facto versus de jure exchange rate regimes operated by economies. Although much of the recent published literature in Asia has focused on the crisis-hit economies, Korea and Thailand in particular, scant attention has been paid to Singapore, which officially targets its nominal effective exchange rate (around a band). The present paper examines the degree of exchange rate intervention for Singapore using various methods of assessing de facto exchange rate regimes. In the main, we show that although the Singapore dollar is primarily influenced by the US dollar, in keeping with its de jure classification of a basket pegged regime, other major currencies, such as the yen and the euro, also impact the Singapore dollar. There is also evidence to indicate that Singapore uses the nominal effective exchange rate strategically as a policy instrument to satisfy domestic inflation objectives. 相似文献
37.
Amin Rajan 《Futures》1985,17(1):52-56
This article focuses on a major recent publication from the UK Department of Employment, Structure and Employment Prospects of the Service Industries, by J.A.S. Robertson, J.M. Briggs and A. Goodchild.1 The most comprehensive treatment of the UK service sector to date, it offers fresh insights on the structure and performance of the service sector, international comparisons, linkages with other sectors of the economy, and employment forecasts. 相似文献
38.
P. Rajan Varadarajan 《战略管理杂志》1985,6(4):357-375
This paper focuses on the appropriateness of a two-factor classification of competitive strategy variables as success producers and failure preventers. Theoretical frameworks which provide static and quasi-dynamic perspectives of the proposed two-factor classification are outlined. An empirical exposition of the success producing and failure preventing properties of marketing strategy variables is presented using the PIMS data. Strategic implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
39.
40.
Rajan SI 《The Indian economic journal : the quarterly journal of the Indian Economic Association》1987,34(4):79-86
The author evaluates the cost-effectiveness of India's national family planning program. 相似文献