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391.
Ralph W. Sanders Jr. Russell P. Robins 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》1991,1(3):307-329
This article examines the power of tests of given size to detect and distinguish between wealth (i.e., mean) and information
(i.e., variance) effects in event studies. We find that an Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) mean-effects test is
consistently more powerful than the test based upon the average standardized residual and is as powerful as a nonparametric
rank test. Unlike the test based upon the average standardized residual and the rank test, the EGLS test is well specified
even when the event affects the variances of the prediction errors. We also find that conventional parametric tests to detect
changes in the variance of the event-day average abnormal return are misspecified when the null of no change is true. We analyze
the reasons this occurs and suggest a rank procedure that produces tests of the correct size under the null. Our evidence
suggests that the critical factors allowing researchers to distinguish between wealth and information effects are an estimation
procedure incorporating the heteroskedasticity inherent in market model prediction errors and an explicit test for event-day
variance changes. 相似文献
392.
This article reports on the findings of a survey undertaken in late 2001-early 2002 on the determinants of environmentally sound technology (EST) adoption by 98 plants in eight developing countries. We review the literature on technology diffusion and technology capabilities as well as empirical studies with an exclusive focus on developing countries that explicitly addressed environmental performance or EST adoption to formulate our heuristic model that guided our investigation. We examine in some detail the determinants of both prevention and abatement technologies, which has seldom been investigated, in developing countries.In full recognition of literature that cites a host of reasons that cause plants to adopt EST we take into account both contextual and plant-specific factors. We use an ordered choice model that revealed that plant-specific factors assume a pre-dominant role in explaining the adoption of higher order of complexity EST. Plant-specific factors, specifically environmental commitment, technological capabilities, and ownership, and market factors, specifically foreign involvement and water and energy price perception, matter in determining the type of technological response and thus in explaining the adoption of higher-order complexity EST. Two governmental factors, regulatory implementation strategy and international donor assistance, also play a role in the adoption of EST. However, civil society, in particular community pressure that has been identified as an important determinant of environmental performance, does not play a role because of the way the dependent variable is constructed to capture higher orders of technological complexity. 相似文献
393.
394.
Ralph Hamann Paresha Sinha Farai Kapfudzaruwa Christoph Schild 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(2):453-473
The purpose of the present article is to analyse South African listed companies’ public reporting in order to contribute to our understanding of how and why companies consider human rights. The empirical analysis is placed in the context of the increasing prominence of human rights as a business issue, premised in part on the activities of the United Nations (UN) Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) on human rights and business. On the basis of a content analysis of the public reports of the top 100 companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), we test hypotheses focused on the antecedents of companies’ demonstrated human rights due diligence, with particular reference to assumptions or findings of the SRSG and institutional theory. Some of our results are unexpected: there is little influence exerted by the sector and size of companies in our sample, and there is also an unexpectedly insignificant impact of company participation in the UN Global Compact and the JSE Socially Responsible Investment Index. On the other hand, a key predictor of human rights due diligence is an explicit leadership commitment, and important roles are also played by government regulations and stock exchange listing rules. 相似文献
395.
The Beveridge–Nelson vector innovations structural time series framework is a new formulation that decomposes a set of variables into their permanent and transitory components. The proposed framework is flexible, modelling inter-series relationships and common features in a simple manner. In particular, it is shown that this new specification is simpler than conventional state space and cointegration approaches. The approach is illustrated using a trivariate data set comprising the GDP of Australia, the USA and the UK. 相似文献
396.
397.
Peter Michael von der Lippe Claus Christian Breuer Hans Diefenbacher Roland Zieschank Hans Wolfgang Brachinger 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2010,90(7):444-457
In der Dezemberausgabe 2009 ver?ffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst ein Zeitgespr?ch mit dem Thema „Wie l?sst sich Wohlstand
messen?“. Dazu ?u?ern sich Peter Michael von der Lippe und Claus Christian Breuer kritisch. Roland Zieschank und Hans Diefenbacher
sowie Hans Wolfgang Brachinger stellen ihre Sichtweisen jeweils in einer Erwiderung dar. 相似文献
398.
Ralph M. Braid 《Journal of urban economics》2002,51(3):429
This paper considers the spatial effects (on wages, employment, and business capital as functions of location) of a localized differential in source-based wage tax rates or business property tax rates between (for example) a central city and the surrounding suburbs. A simple model is used in which business production uses only labor and capital inputs. Consumers have fixed residential locations but may commute to work. Wage and property tax differentials have effects that are similar in some ways but different in other ways. If given a choice, a local government would choose to set its business property tax rate equal to zero and use only a wage tax. 相似文献
399.
The Russian military-industrial sector, like the economy generally is undergoing a turbulent transformation. Property rights, institutional arrangements, regulatory mechanisms and procurement demand are in rapid flux. In 1992 weapons production declined drastically, variously estimated between 20 and 67 percent, but arms contracts for 1993 are reported to be double last year's volume.This essay attempts to illuminate key elements of Russia's military-industrial transition by analyzing how property rights, tax and regulatory reforms of the sorts advocated by Alexsandr Isaev and Anatoly Chubais are apt to effect efficiency and military-industrial conversion. It is shown that while collectivist ownership could enhance economic efficiency, despite the usual Ward-Domar effects, Yeltsin's market reforms may not be sufficient to foster large scale military-industrial conversion. 相似文献
400.
Ralph D. Stacey 《战略管理杂志》1995,16(6):477-495
The two perspectives of strategy process most firmly established in the literature—strategic choice and ecology—assume the same about system dynamics: negative feedback processes driving successful systems (individual organizations or populations of organizations) toward predictable equilibrium states of adaptation to the environment. This paper proposes a third perspective, that of complex adaptive systems. The framework is provided by the modern science of complexity: the study of nonlinear and network feedback systems, incorporating theories of chaos, artificial life, self-organization and emergent order. Here system dynamics are characterized by positive and negative feedback as systems coevolve far from equilibrium, in a self-organizing manner, toward unpredictable long-term outcomes. 相似文献