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41.
42.
This paper develops a model of endogenous economic growth with special consideration to the role of productive public expenditure and environmental pollution; and analyses the properties of optimal fiscal policy in the steady state growth equilibrium. We consider the level of consumption as the source of pollution. Government allocates its tax revenue between pollution abatement expenditure and productive public expenditure. Optimum ratio of productive public expenditure to national income is equal to the competitive output share of the public input, when productive public expenditure is depicted as tax revenue minus abatement expenditure. However, the proportional income tax rate exceeds the competitive output share of the public input. There is no conflict between the social welfare maximizing solution and the growth rate maximizing solution in the steady state growth equilibrium. The unique steady state growth equilibrium appears to be a saddle-point when the growth rate is above a critical level and the steady state equilibrium growth rate in the market economy is not necessarily lower than the socially efficient growth rate. 相似文献
43.
Summary: Suppose for a homogeneous linear unbiased function of the sampled first stage unit (fsu)-values taken as an estimator of
a survey population total, the sampling variance is expressed as a homogeneous quadratic function of the fsu-values. When
the fsu-values are not ascertainable but unbiased estimators for them are separately available through sampling in later stages
and substituted into the estimator, Raj (1968) gave a simple variance estimator formula for this multi-stage estimator of
the population total. He requires that the variances of the estimated fsu-values in sampling at later stages and their unbiased
estimators are available in certain `simple forms'. For the same set-up Rao (1975) derived an alternative variance estimator
when the later stage sampling variances have more ‘complex forms’. Here we pursue with Raj's (1968) simple forms to derive
a few alternative variance and mean square error estimators when the condition of homogeneity or unbiasedness in the original
estimator of the total is relaxed and the variance of the original estimator is not expressed as a quadratic form.
We illustrate a particular three-stage sampling strategy and present a simulation-based numerical exercise showing the relative
efficacies of two alternative variance estimators.
Received: 19 February 1999 相似文献
44.
Somya Ranjan Sahoo 《Enterprise Information Systems》2020,14(5):710-736
ABSTRACTThe emergence of online social network invokes social actors to share their personal information digitally. Moreover, it provides the facility to maintain their links with people of same interest globally. Take advantage of these services; it has become a fascinating testbed to invite various threats like a spammer. Detection of spammer in OSN is one of the most critical tasks. Spammer not only spreads unwanted or bad advertisement but does certain malicious activity in others' profiles. By clearly understanding the activities of different threats, some incremental and accurate approaches are needed for detecting spammer content and profiles involved in these activities by using social network services. Therefore, the focus of this article is to detect spammer content and account, specifically on the leading microblogging platform called Twitter. We propose a hybrid approach which leverages the capabilities of various machine learning algorithms to separate spammer and nonspammer contents and account. Initially, the optimisation algorithm called genetic algorithm analyses the various features and selects the best suitable features that influence the behaviour of user account, and these features are then used to train classifiers. Our framework achieved to severalise spammer and nonspammer content in an effective way. Finally, to prove the efficiency of our proposed framework, a comparative analysis is conducted with some existing state-of-art techniques. The experimental analysis shows that our approach achieves a high detection rate of 99.6%, which is better than other state-of-art techniques. 相似文献
45.
Ranjan Ray 《Economics Letters》1985,17(4):411-412
The Barten model, as the principal equivalence scale model, has considerable policy importance. It has, however, never been subjected to a statistically satisfactory test. This note proposes a simple modelling artefact that allows the Barten model to be nested and tested in the conventional way. Illustrative estimation is, then, carried out on U.K. budget data. 相似文献
46.
47.
Ranjan Ray 《Bulletin of economic research》1988,40(3):227-234
This paper derives a sufficient condition for optimally uniform commodity taxes within the demographically generalized RNLF'S demand functional form framework. This paper, besides admitting child subsidies, allows for non linear equivalence scales and demographically varying utility and demand functions. The derived condition is shown to yield some recent uniformity results as special cases. 相似文献
48.
Ranjan Bandyopadhyay 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2019,27(3):327-343
While many volunteer tourism studies have acknowledged the significance of volunteer tourism and challenged conventional understandings of socio-economic change in the Global South, the ways in which ideas about globalization of suffering and religion and modernity flow through volunteer tourism and development discourses are rarely spoken about. Utilizing postcolonialism and whiteness studies theoretical framework, this study intends to take volunteer tourism research into a different trajectory by arguing that much like imperialism is operationalized through different kinds of institutional power (agencies such as the IMF and the World Bank), similarly volunteer tourism exerts power and exploits the Orient as the West’s pleasure periphery. Taking the case of Mother Teresa, this study also argues that Christian ideologies, which were so dominant during the colonial days, continue to pervade the structures and institutions in society with similar hegemonic connotations of privilege based on religion and race. Future tourism scholars should investigate these remarkable yet somewhat ignored issues in contemporary volunteer tourism practices. 相似文献
49.
Somya Ranjan Sahoo 《Enterprise Information Systems》2019,13(6):832-864
Due to the popularity and user friendliness of the Internet, numbers of users of online social networks (OSNs) and social media have grown significantly. However, globally utilised, social networks are the consequence of the lack of understanding of secrecy and protection on OSN and media has increased. Secrecy and surety of OSNs need to be inquired from various positions. According to recent studies, OSN users expose their private information such as email address, phone number etc. In this paper, we have presented a high-level classification of recent OSN attacks for recognising the problem and analysing the blow of such attacks on World Wide Web. We have also discussed OSN attacks on different social networking web applications by citing certain recent reports such as Kaspersky security network and Sophos security threat report. We also offer some simple-to-implement user practice tips to protect the system and user’s information. In addition to this, we have discussed a comprehensive analysis of numerous defensive approaches on OSN security. Lastly, based on the acknowledged strength and faults of these defensive approaches, we have explained open research issues. 相似文献
50.
Formation of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) using agricultural land to promote industrialization has recently been one of the most controversial policy issues in many developing economies including India. This paper critically evaluates the consequences of this policy in terms of a three-sector Harris–Todaro type general equilibrium model characterizing a typical developing economy. It finds that agriculture and SEZ can grow simultaneously provided the government spends a substantial amount of its resources on irrigation projects and other infrastructural development designed at improving the efficiency of land. Agricultural wage and aggregate employment in the economy may also improve owing to this policy. 相似文献