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101.
Ravi Kanbur Tuuli Paukkeri Jukka Pirttilä Matti Tuomala 《International Tax and Public Finance》2018,25(1):64-98
The existing literature on optimal taxation typically assumes there exists a capacity to implement complex tax schemes, which is not necessarily the case for many developing countries. We examine the determinants of optimal redistributive policies in the context of a developing country that can only implement linear tax policies due to administrative reasons. Further, the reduction of poverty is typically the expressed goal of such countries, and this feature is also taken into account in our model. We derive the optimality conditions for linear income taxation, commodity taxation, and public provision of private and public goods for the poverty minimization case and compare the results to those derived under a general welfarist objective function. We also study the implications of informality on optimal redistributive policies for such countries. The exercise reveals non-trivial differences in optimal tax rules under the different assumptions. 相似文献
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This paper develops a two-sector general equilibrium model to examine the impact of technical progress, factor accumulation, labor growth, unemployment, trade policy, and the government's antipoverty programs on the rate of poverty. the results are then tested empirically using the data regarding the United States. We find that low unemployment, productivity growth, and government transfers have the expected effects of alleviating poverty; but trade liberalization has the unexpected effect of being associated with a major increase in poverty-a result contradicting traditional views. 相似文献
105.
N.G. Shankar N. Ravi Z.W. Zhong 《中国印刷物资商情》2009,(1):106-107
本文详细介绍了一种视觉系统,该系统可以实现对卷筒纸胶印过程中产生的印品缺陷进行检测和定位。具体来说,该系统能够对高速卷筒纸印刷进行实时监控,并且可在印刷过程中出现任何影响印品质量的故障(如结构缺陷、色彩偏差、漏字、墨点、墨杠等)时向操作人员发出警报。本文还介绍了机器视觉系统的硬件部分和用于彩色图像扫描及印品缺陷检测定位的图像处理算法。从本质上讲,该系统采用高速扫描算法检测图像的边缘和边界,利用线性和非线性的滤波器对动态大小、阈值和转换信息做进一步的分析。除了在实验室内进行实验以外,还建立了系统模型,系统模型可应用在卷筒纸印刷中,在真实条件下对模型的功能进行评价。将该系统安装在凹印机上进行实验,结果表明该机器视觉系统同样可以成功地对缺陷进行监控和检测。 相似文献
106.
Retrospective data on labor market spells for successive cohorts of youth in the school‐to‐work transition in Sri Lanka are used to examine whether early spells of joblessness lead to subsequent difficulty in finding or keeping a job. A balancing score approach is used to generate pairs of youth in the school‐to‐work transition who have similar expected levels of joblessness but who differ in realized levels of joblessness. Assuming that youth are not able to perfectly control whether they are employed or not employed, we argue that marginal differences in joblessness among otherwise observationally equivalent youth can be viewed similarly to a regression discontinuity in experienced joblessness. We find evidence of scarring in that spending the first year after leaving school without a job or training increases subsequent share of time spent jobless by 23–31 percentage points and lowers subsequent wages by 5.5%–7.5%. 相似文献
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In this study we develop an analytic model for information security investment allocation of a fixed budget. Our model considers concurrent heterogeneous attacks with distinct characteristics and derives the breach probability functions based on the theory of scale-free networks. The relationships among the major variables, such as network exposure, potential loss due to a security breach, investment effectiveness, and security investment levels, are investigated via analytical and numerical analyses subject to various boundary conditions. In particular, our model shows how a firm should allocate its limited information security budget to defend against two classes of security attacks (targeted and opportunistic) concurrently. Among the results of these analyses, we find that a firm with a limited security budget is better off allocating most or all of the investment to measures against one of the classes of attack. Further, we find that managers should focus the security investment on preventing targeted attacks when the information systems are highly connected and relatively open and when the potential loss is large relative to the security budget. 相似文献
109.
Ravi S. Achrol 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2012,40(5):673-694
Slotting fees and related discounts are important but controversial mechanisms for obtaining shelf space in marketing channels for consumer packaged goods. The theoretical field is divided between the efficient market and the market power schools of thought. Results from empirical studies and analytical models point in different directions. This paper analyzes trends in key macro economic variables to see if the patterns are more consistent with an underlying market efficiency model vs. a market power one. The data span 30+ years and focus on retailers in the marketing channel for food and kindred products. The variables studied include new product introductions, retail selling area, consumer price indices, profitability, cost of goods sold and selling expenditures. Efficient market explanations do not fare well in the analyses in comparison with market power explanations for practically all the variables studied. The paper conlcudes with recommendations for regulators and retail management. 相似文献
110.
Ravi Ramamurti 《Business Horizons》2012,55(3):241-249
A new breed of multinationals from emerging markets is appearing in many industries. Western firms are wrong to underestimate, as they often do, the competitive threat from these firms. The discussion herein highlights the non-traditional competitive advantages these firms use to win at home and abroad and shows how these firms use internationalization not only to exploit competitive advantage but to bolster it. The article concludes with suggestions for how Western managers should respond to the competitive threat from emerging market multinationals. 相似文献