经济转型下FDI溢出及其对能源效率影响的门槛特征分析

文章采用面板门槛回归模型及中国1995-2014年的省际数据，研究引发FDI对能源效率地区内和地区间的溢出效应在相关制度性因素下的门槛效应。研究发现，转型中的各区域FDI对能源效率的溢出效果受到产业结构合理化、市场化水平及对外开放力度等因素的影响，并具有显著的门槛特征。地方政府竞争引致下的地区间FDI空间溢出对能源效率的影响也具有非线性的门槛效应。地区间溢出相比于地区内溢出而言更倾向于阻碍本地区能源效率的提升，且地区间溢出比地区内溢出发挥积极作用所要求的相应门槛更高。文章最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

国际干涉的规范维度

冷战后,规范问题在国际关系的理论研究和政策辩论中得到回归。随着国际责任论的兴起,中国在应对干涉问题上面临着利益守成和责任扩展上的消极目标与积极目标的双重挑战。作者从干涉的形式、原因、手段与结果等方面对干涉的规范维度进行了梳理和考察,认为应清晰地思考不干涉规范的内涵和外延,以重塑中国关于干涉的叙述并探讨进行政策调整的可能性。     

Study of the undergraduate business policy course at AACSB-accredited universities

This paper reports the results of a study directed toward determining: (1) the current pervasiveness of the requirement of a business policy course by AACSB-accredited undergraduate programmes, (2) the general characteristics of the courses, (3) the organization of the courses, and (4) anticipated future changes in the courses. A questionnaire was mailed to all 208 AACSB-accredited schools and returns were obtained from 203 of them. The paper presents the results derived from these responses and draws conclusions with regard to the study's objectives.     

Guaranteeing employment to the rural poor: Social functions and class interests in the employment guarantee scheme in Western India

Numerous observers rightly term the landless rural population the ‘most intractable development problem’ in poor societies. Given the extraordinary political and administrative obstacles to redistrubution of rural assets in India (the widely-recognized failture land reforms), attention and finances have recently been focused on public rural employment programmes to alleviate rural distribution. Within India, the State of Maharashtra, with a size and population of a large European nation, has instituted a striking departure from traditional rural works programmes: a guarantee of employment to rural adults on demand. The Employment Guarantee Scheme in one state has since become a significant policy model, and the experience in that state provides something like a laboratory for its analysis. Based on analysis of previous studies and original field work in rural Maharashtra, the article argues that the scheme is something of a rare bird: a programme which seems to be in the objective and subjective interests of the rural poor, as well as consistent with the interests of the rural landed elite, despite their early political objections. The fiscal structure of the scheme is a direct contradiction of Lipton's (1977) model of ‘urban bias’ in Third World development strategies; the Employment Guarantee Scheme is rather more a manifestation of ‘kulak power’. Though promulgated as an alternative to policies entailing redistribution of rural assets, and clearly superior to doing nothing about rural distribution, the scheme is inferior to genuine redistribution in terms of altering the rural political economy. The functions, if not the motivations, of the scheme are profoundly conservative in a structural sense, politically and economically; the philosophical underpinnings, and perhaps, potentially, the consequences for mobilization of the rural poor, are quite the opposite.     

The collateral value of fine art

In this paper, we examine the effect of implicit seller reserves on the estimation of value-at-risk based on historical asset sales data. We direct our examination toward how and whether fine art might prove an appropriate form of loan collateral for banks and other financial institutions. Using a data set of French Impressionist paintings brought to auction from 1985 to 2001, we control for the effect of works that are bought in-house to construct a distribution of potential sale values that corrects for sample selection bias. It turns out that the downside risk surrounding deviations of auction prices from expert presale estimates depends critically on how buy-ins are incorporated. If downside risk is assessed solely on historical experience with successful auction sales, the data appear to support loan-to-value ratios between 50% and a 100% larger than loan-to-value ratios that countenance the existence of seller reserves. The auction process, however, is quantifiable and can reveal the necessary risk information required for loan consideration.     

Impact of the level of aggregation on response accuracy in surveys of behavioral frequency

Through observations of AT&T data and the results of two of our own studies, we discovered interesting asymmetrical effects of the level of aggregation of the question on the response accuracy in surveys of behavioral frequency. We find that disaggregating a question to a lower, less comfortable level of aggregation creates greater uncertainty, leading to larger absolute errors in survey responses. However, if a question is asked at a higher less comfortable level, the majority of respondents escape by splitting questions down to the natural level, thereby avoiding greater uncertainty and thus responding more accurately. We argue that for greater accuracy in surveys, one should identify the natural level of aggregation at which a question should be posed. But when in doubt, it is better to ask a question at a higher level of aggregation because of possible escapability downward.     

An experimental study of marketing information utilization: The manager-researcher dichotomy

This study uses an experimental design for the presentation of a case, demographic information, product test survey results, and test market results to marketing managers and to market researchers. We attempt to determine the interrelationships among changes in decision outcomes, sales estimates, and confidence. We also show that the two-community dichotomy between marketing managers and market researchers exists.     

无限时域下价格与需求相关时的订货问题研究

讨论了无限时域下采购商面对价格变化以及需求与价格相关情形下的最优订货问题,在已有文献的基础上,分析了采购商面对价格变化时的决策。分析表明,只有当价格上升时,采购商在拥有最后一次低价采购的机会下才有可能追加订货,从而改变了基本EOQ模型中需求是稳定的情形,而将需求与价格相关联,并用仿真分析了不同的价格上升幅度以及不同的期初库存对订货策略的影响。     

Director attention and firm value

In this article, we show that exogenous director distraction affects board monitoring intensity and leads to a higher level of inactivity by management. We construct a firm-level director “distraction” measure by exploiting shocks to unrelated industries in which directors have additional directorships. Directors attend significantly fewer board meetings when they are distracted. Firms with distracted board members tend to be inactive and experience a significant decline in firm value. Overall, this article highlights the impact of limited director attention on the effectiveness of corporate governance and the importance of directors in keeping management active.