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91.
In this paper we consider deterministic seasonal variation in quarterly industrial production for several European countries, and we address the question whether this variation has become more similar across countries over time. Due to economic and institutional factors, one may expect convergence across business cycles. When these have similar characteristics as seasonal cycles, one may perhaps also find convergence in seasonality. To this aim, we propose a method that is based on treating the set of production series as a panel. By testing for the relevant parameter restrictions for moving window samples, we examine the hypothesis of convergence in deterministic seasonality while allowing for seasonal unit roots. Our main empirical finding is that there is no evidence for convergence in seasonality. 相似文献
92.
This paper introduces the idea of “robust political economy.” In the context of political economic systems, “robustness” refers
to a political economic arrangement's ability to produce social welfare-enhancing outcomes in the face of deviations from
ideal assumptions about individuals' motivations and information. Since standard assumptions about complete and perfect information,
instantaneous market adjustment, perfect agent rationality, political actor benevolence, etc., rarely, if ever actually hold,
a realistic picture and accurate assessment of the desirability of alternative political economic systems requires an analysis
of alternative systems' robustness. The Mises-Hayek critique of socialism forms the foundation for investigations of robustness
that relax ideal informational assumptions. The Buchanan-Tullock public choice approach complements this foundation in forming
the basis for investigations of robustness that relax ideal motivational assumptions.
JEL Code B53, P16, P26 相似文献
93.
This paper develops the notion of parallel-neutral technical change for inputs and outputs. It is shown that parallel-neutral
technical change generalizes existing radial notions of neutral technical change. A taxonomy of the structural consequences
of parallel-neutral technical change is developed. 相似文献
94.
95.
In this paper we study an industry in which there is an ongoing sequence of R&D races between two firms. Firms are engaged in product innovation. Products are horizontally and vertically differentiated. There are two key characteristics/dimensions to products, and the level at which these are embodied in products can be increased by R&D. At each time firms can spend R&D on improving their product in one or both dimensions. We allow the possibility of economies scope — so R&D undertaken in one dimension can spillover to the other. The question we are interested in is whether a firm that is ahead in a single dimension but behind in another will focus all its R&D effort in the area in which it is ahead (product specialisation), or whether it will try to do R&D in both dimensions in the hope that it might get ahead in both and end up with a superproduct that dominates in both characteristics. The outcome of this R&D competition determines a Markov transition probability matrix determining the evolution of the industry. We show that when the R&D technology is characterized by constant returns then the only steady-state outcome is one in which the economy stays forever in a position in which one firm produces a super-product and the other gives up doing R&D altogether. This outcome is unaffected by the degree of economies of scope. When the R&D technology is characterised by decreasing returns, then the industry will visit all states and so will exhibit both product specialisation and superproduct dominance at various times. Now the extent of economies of scope matters and we show that the greater the extent of economies of scope, the less likely is the industry to exhibit product dominance, and the more likely it is to exhibit product specialisation. 相似文献
96.
Robert F. Mulligan 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2006,19(4):311-336
An Austrian interpretation of the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is proposed. Austrian and New
Keynesian business cycle theories share the feature that the cycle is generated by rigidities which prevent the economy from
adapting instantaneously to changing conditions. Austrian business cycle theory is capital-based, focusing on credit expansion
which artificially lowers interest rates and causes an investment boom and unsustainable business expansion. In contrast,
the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is based on nominal rigidities which prevent markets from clearing.
Small menu costs introduce dichotomous behavior, where firms find it locally optimal to avoid instantaneous output price adjustments
in the face of the cost, but this local optimum results in economy-wide output and employment fluctuations which are much
greater in relative magnitude. The small menu cost model of the business cycle is extended and reinterpreted in light of Austrian
business cycle theory with heterogeneous, multiply-specific capital, thus providing a rigorous formalization of the Austrian
business cycle. The Austrian interpretation of this New Keynesian model fortuitously addresses several of its shortcomings.
JEL classification B53, E12, E23, E32 相似文献
97.
This study examines the magnitude and determinants of the establishment-size wage premium in five European countries using a unique harmonised matched employer–employee data set (the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey). This data set enables to test the validity of various traditional explanations of the size wage gap (i.e. the labour quality hypothesis, the theory of compensating wage differentials, the role of monitoring and institutions) and of more recent hypotheses (i.e. size differences in job stability and in the concentration of skilled workers). We find some support for traditional explanations, but there remains a significant wage premium for workers employed in large establishments. Further results indicate that the magnitude of this premium fluctuates substantially across countries and appears to be negatively correlated with the degree of corporatism. 相似文献
98.
An Empirical Look at Software Patents 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Software patents have grown rapidly in number and now comprise 15% of all patents. They are acquired primarily by large manufacturing firms in industries known for strategic patenting; only 5% belong to software publishers. The very large increase in software patent propensity over time is not adequately explained by changes in R&D investments, employment of computer programmers, or productivity growth. The residual increase in software patent propensity is consistent with a sizeable increase in the cost effectiveness of software patents during the 1990s, perhaps arising from changes in the application of patent law to computer software. 相似文献
99.
Robert J. Long 《Journal of Economics and Finance》1992,16(2):155-157
A recent article in this journal by Dran (1991) suggests that the usual treatment of degree of operating leverage (DOL) is
misleading because it improperly attributes the DOL to the ratio of fixed to total costs rather than the closeness of the
firm’s output to breakeven. Managerial economics texts are clear in identification of DOL as an elasticity concept which varies
with the nearness to break-even. Examples associating DOL with the relative level of fixed cost arise from association of
higher fixed costs with higher breakeven points, and this appears to be the normal economic relationship. 相似文献
100.
Robert L. Kahn 《人力资源管理》1984,23(1):5-22
Present patterns of productive activity are neither well recognized, optimal for society, nor in accordance with individual prefence. Although a great deal of attention has been given to meeting people's needs for income, medical care, and other services, the quality of their lives must also be defined by what they do for themselves and for others. In discovering present patterns of productive activity throughout the life course and optimizing those patterns, we will raise the quality of American life. To accomplish this task, two great changes are needed: we must recognize the full range of productive activities throughout the life course and give people the opportunity to modify the allocation of paid employment. 相似文献