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981.
Cornelia Dröge Professor of Marketing Roger Calantone Broad Professor of Marketing 《Industrial Marketing Management》1996,25(6):555-566
The relationships among environment, strategy, structure, and performance in the context of new product development are examined. The “fit” of strategy and structure to environment is found to be better modeled as a moderator of strength. Overall, the results support the importance of environment, strategy, and structure for the performance of new products. The basic conclusions are that the new product profile has a stronger positive effect on performance for nondominant competitors than for dominant competitors, whereas for dominant competitors, speed and first-to-market strategies are more important to long-term success. 相似文献
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Founded on an interpretation that is rooted in localities andtheir communities, we offer a move from the inevitability ofuneven development. Analysis of past and present theory is framedin terms of decision-making. It is argued that externaldecisions may constrain localities in their development, whilereflecting the agendas of outside agents, corporations and otherorganisations. A dual approach to development is suggested,that would work in the shadow of the Washington and/or post-WashingtonConsensus to build a learning process of democratic engagement,and move towards redressing the decision-making balance in favourof localities. Examples from South Africa and Nicaragua illustrateour arguments. 相似文献
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Most corporate finance practitioners understand the trade-off involved in making effective use of debt capacity while safeguarding the firm's ability to execute its business strategy without disruption. But quantifying that trade-off to arrive at an optimal level of debt can be a complicated and challenging task. This paper develops a simulation model of capital structure that starts by generating multiple estimates of market rates (LIBOR, currency rates) and corresponding company operating cash flows. To arrive at an optimal capital structure, the model then incorporates the shareholder value effects of alternative financing decisions by directly measuring the costs of financial distress, including the costs of missed investment opportunities and higher working capital requirements.
The model generates both a target credit rating and a lower fallback rating that permits a higher level of debt to maintain investments and dividends when operating cash flows are weak. As the model shows, companies with volatile cash flows and significant investment opportunities can add substantial shareholder value by establishing a fallback credit rating that is one or two notches below the target rating. The model also optimizes the mix of fixed versus floating debt, the maturity structure, and the currency composition. Another distinctive feature of the model is its ability to estimate the expected cost of alternative liability structures that can provide the liquidity insurance necessary to sustain the firm through periods of severe stress. This cost turns out to be quite small relative to the total market capitalization of the average firm. 相似文献
The model generates both a target credit rating and a lower fallback rating that permits a higher level of debt to maintain investments and dividends when operating cash flows are weak. As the model shows, companies with volatile cash flows and significant investment opportunities can add substantial shareholder value by establishing a fallback credit rating that is one or two notches below the target rating. The model also optimizes the mix of fixed versus floating debt, the maturity structure, and the currency composition. Another distinctive feature of the model is its ability to estimate the expected cost of alternative liability structures that can provide the liquidity insurance necessary to sustain the firm through periods of severe stress. This cost turns out to be quite small relative to the total market capitalization of the average firm. 相似文献