The participation of Russian households in the informal economy: Evidence from the VTsIOM data

This study presents the size and structure of secondary employment in Russia, analyses the determinants of Russian informal secondary employment, and discusses differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. We estimate that 27 percent of Russia’s GDP was produced in the informal economy during 1997–98 and informal secondary employment amounts to about 20 percent of value added produced in the informal economy. We found that the probability of holding an informal secondary job as opposed to a formal one is positively associated with higher wage rates and lower education. However, there is little evidence that low income is correlated with holding an informal secondary job. We also found evidence that an informal secondary job requires lower job qualifications as compared to a formal one. Again, low income is not significant in determining differences between job qualifications in a main job and those in a secondary job. JEL classification: J22, J24, O17, P20.     

密歇根州立大学——新产品：提早预告还是惊喜揭幕？

苹果电脑CEO斯蒂夫·乔布斯每年一月都会在旧金山莫斯克尼会议中心(MosconeCenter)举行的麦克世界产品博览会上亮相做主题演讲。行业的专家学者     

Alternative transportation modes in an urban land use model: A general equilibrium approach

This paper presents and analyzes a general equilibrium transportation demand model. The model was applied to hypothetical cities with populations of 1 and 2 million. Data and coefficients for those cities were obtained from existing metropolitan areas of equivalent sizes. A subway system is found to be uneconomical in the hypothetical city with one million population and with an average population density of 4400 per square mile. However, it is found to be economical and desirable for the hypothetical city with two million population and with an average density of 6900 per square mile.     

Stochastic reserve changes and expansion of bank credit: The case of additional risks

In this paper we examine the effects of introducing additional risks to the Orr-Mellon-Cooper model on the asymptotic behavior of bank credit expansion, and derive monetary policy implications therefrom. Our model of additional risks corrects a loss of generality existing in the Orr-Mellon-Cooper model. It shows that the local solution for optimal credit expansion is the global solution, regardless of the parameters of the reserve loss functions, when the default risk is introduced. The analysis further points out necessary conditions to determine the direction of credit changes caused by a monetary injection under uncertainty.     

An aggregative resource allocation model for hospital administration

One of the most pressing social problems in the United States today is the delivery of adequate health care services to every American. Despite the phenomenal rate of increase in hospital costs, the quality and depth of hospital service have been far from satisfactory. Yet, systematic analysis of hospital administration has been generally neglected by decision scientists, hospital administrators, and economists. This paper presents a methodology for an aggregative resource allocation in hospital administration. More specifically, it applies goal programming to design a general model and demonstrates its practical application for an optimum resource allocation in hospital administration through an empirical study.     

An alternative model for fair share allocation of lower income housing

A linear programming model was developed and presented for fair-share allocation of lower income housing as an alternative to existing heuristic models. The model is applied for the Middlesex County region in pursuit of a regional fair-share of lower income housing needs for the year 1975 for each township in the county. The results are presented and compared with those of the Court's allocation, held by the Superior Court of New Jersey in May 1976 for the Middlesex County region.