海归高管与企业创新:基于文化趋同的视角

基于2011?2017年中国A股上市公司数据,文章以海外经历作为高管文化特征的代理,从文化视角探索公司高管团队海外背景对企业创新的影响.研究发现,海归高管显著促进了企业创新投入.受组织异质情境影响,当企业财务冗余水平和高管持股比例越高时,海归高管的创新促进效应越明显.作用机制检验表明,海归高管通过提升高管团队风险偏好和自信度促进创新投入.进一步研究表明,海归高管通过促进创新投入提升了发明专利申请量.此外,与海外工作经历相比留学经历更能促进企业创新,同时具备两种经历的高管对企业创新的作用则明显大于仅拥有单一海外经历的高管.文章从文化趋同视角拓展了对海归高管创新决策内在逻辑及其作用边界的理解,丰富了高管早期经历主题研究文献,也为合理评估国家公派留学、高端引智等政策的实际效果提供了微观企业层面的经验证据.     

Workplace incivility and work engagement: The mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of self-perceived employability

Drawing upon the job demand–resource model and the theory of existence, relatedness, and growth needs, we established and checked a model that connects workplace incivility to employee work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) through job insecurity. Furthermore, we propose and test self-perceived employability as the boundary condition of this connection. The conclusions of two substudies with time-delay design provided evidence to support theoretical models. Specifically, the conclusions of both studies show that workplace incivility has negative impacts on work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) through job insecurity. The results of Study 2 show that self-perceived employability not only weakens the negative influences of job insecurity on work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) but also moderates the mediating roles of job insecurity in the relationships between workplace incivility and work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption). The theoretical and practical implications and limitations are discussed based on the conclusions of the two substudies.     

The European Green Deal — More Than Climate Neutrality

Intereconomics - The European Green Deal aims at climate neutrality for Europe by 2050, implying a significant acceleration of emission reductions. To gain the necessary support, it needs to reduce...     

预紧力对接触网套管双耳强度的影响分析

本文以失效频率很高的接触网零部件套管双耳作为研究对象,简化其力学模型,考虑预紧力、风载、履冰三种载荷因素对套管双耳最大的应力影响。根据实际情况,分12种工况对接触网套管双耳进行数值模拟。研究结果表明,预紧力对套管双耳强度影响较为显著,在实际安装中以2500N为宜。为接触网套管双耳的静强度可靠性研究和设计提供了参考。     

Local elections and consumption insurance

During our sample period from 1987 to 2002, Chinese villages completed the transition from government‐appointed village leaders to elected ones. This article examines if and how much democratic elections of the village leaders affected consumption insurance by Chinese village residents. Exploring a panel dataset of 1,400 households from this period, we find that consumption insurance is around 20 percent more complete with elected village leaders. Furthermore, local elections improve consumption insurance only for the poor and middle‐income farmers, but not for the rich. The results are robust when we allow for pretrending, potential endogeneity of elections, and higher measurement errors for rich residents. We also find that the effects on consumption insurance are stronger when closer to the upcoming election year and when the village committees consist largely of non‐Communist Party members. These findings suggest that the election effects on consumption insurance partly come from increasing accountability to local constituents.     

西藏松茸产业的发展研究

该文对西藏松茸资源进行了评价,分析了发展现状及存在的问题,明确了市场前景与发展定位,提出了明确经营权、加强管理、科学生产、统一西藏品牌、建设龙头企业等对策。     

工程项目的集成化管理理论及方法研究

集成化管理是工程项目管理的发展趋势,文章主要分析了传统工程项目管理存在的问题,介绍了工程项目集成化管理的基本理论,提出了工程项目集成化管理的方法,并给出了相应的集成化管理改进建议。     

Labour-Market Developments at a Time of Heightened Uncertainty

These are testing times for labour-market policies in Indonesia. The country faces two major challenges in an unpredictable international and domestic environment: providing people with better, more secure jobs and raising productivity to help raise living standards and reduce poverty. Over the past several months, new global and domestic threats to economic growth have emerged and may hinder progress in jobs and productivity. In the longer term, the government is searching for new strategies to increase productivity, with a focus on supply-side investments in skills and training. In relation to events abroad, uncertainty has increased over the early initiatives taken by the new US president and his nationalist administration, such as the scuttling of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal. At home, likely to be of some significance for economic policy are mass actions that were levelled against Jakarta’s governor but de facto also directed against the government. In the medium term, our assessment of the record of the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) government on the labour market is mixed. Over the past two years, growth has been slower than under the previous administration and hence job creation has also been muted. The experience of a handful of countries in Asia suggests that the government might have done more to stimulate economic growth and create jobs. The disappointing performance of manufacturing stands out. Yet inflation has fallen and the slide in the value of international trade—both exports and imports—has reversed in recent months. Improved fiscal management and a generally successful tax amnesty are other pluses. There was also an unexpected but considerable fall in unemployment in 2015–16, according to labour-force statistics. Some policies, such as the new approach to minimum wages, seem to have had beneficial effects for both business and the economy, and Indonesia has done well in some international rankings, such as the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index. However, the picture for the medium to longer term seems less bright for the labour market. There has been much talk about raising productivity by improving skills through government support for investment in training and apprenticeships, as well as by expanding vocational training along the lines of the German model. Expanding tourism is seen as one solution to the lack of employment for young secondary- and tertiary-educated jobseekers. But we have an impression of policy-making on the run; often, the argument for government intervention has not been made clearly enough. We argue that Indonesia still lacks a coherent, well-thought-out plan to increase jobs and productivity.     

Making sense of new technology during organisational change

This article examines how employees interpret the use of various social media and web 2.0 technologies by managers of an organisation during a merger process. The article explores the way in which managers use technology to give sense to the merger process, the corresponding sensemaking of employees and also how employees make sense of the use of technology itself. The findings show that new media enables the sharing of emotional sense about organisational processes between managers and employees and places employees with different levels of involvement with the process and at different points in the organisational hierarchy on equal footing. In spite of this, employees view the use of technology negatively and feel mastered by the technology itself. In discussing these unintended consequences of the use of this technology, the article further discusses the paradoxes that emerge from using new technology to give sense during organisational change.     

The diffusion of foreign divestment from Burma

We examine variation in the rate of divestment by multinational firms from Burma. We argue that in addition to a set of firm‐level characteristics known to impact divestment decisions, firms are also influenced by characteristics of their home country and the divestment patterns of others. Using data on firms operating in Burma during 1996–2002, we model these multiple influences on firms to divest. Our results show that beyond firm‐level concerns, firms divest in response to the political characteristics of their home country, including protest, the level of political freedom, and transparency of institutions. We also find that the centrality of their home country in the network of intergovernmental organizations impacts divestment patterns in interesting ways. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.