浅议技术许可费评估

随着科技的发展和国际间贸易的增加,知识产权资产交易日益频繁,技术许可贸易也愈加广泛。在技术许可贸易中,最重要的是确定许可费的支付方式和金额,尤其以提成式支付许可费方式,许可费率的计算就显得更加重要。本文运用统计学中的综合评价法,分析影响许可费率的主要因素,构造综合评价体系,并与传统许可费率确定方法相结合,最终合理确定许可费率。     

全面提升"集约、优化、协调、永续"水平促进企业增长方式转变

近年来，凌钢集团公司坚持以科学发展观为指导，通过不断的动态优化、协调运行、推进集约化经营，加快增长方式转变，使企业发展的内涵发生了深刻变化，增长方式开始由主要靠量的扩张求增长向质的提高求增长转变-9技术改造由扩大产能向优化品种、提高质量、节能环保转变；主要产品由普碳钢向品种钢转变；经营管理由粗放型向集约型转变，这表明凌钢进入了一个发展新阶段。去年，在市场急剧变化，每吨钢材价格比上年下降220元，产量没有增长的情况下，成本总额降低了5．8亿元，下降10．43％，吨钢综合能耗下降了4．4％，吨钢净水消耗降到了4．05t，达到了行业先进水平。     

强势推行节约努力降耗增效

近几年，凌钢集团公司认真贯彻落实科学发展观，努力促进企业可持续发展，坚持抓技术改造，从源头消减中节能降耗；坚持抓技术攻关，从过程控制中节能降耗；坚持抓循环利用，从末端资源化节能降耗，在占地面积、人员总数、用水总量、污染物排放总量没有增加，能耗总量仅增长一倍的情况下，钢产量由50万t上升到210万t，利润由3000万元上升到5亿元，实现了节能、增产、增效、环保四赢，在贯彻循环经济理念、建设节约型企业上迈出了新步子。     

坚持自主创新努力建设创新型攀钢

攀钢是依靠自主创新起家的，攀钢的发展史就是一部自主创新的历史。建设发展40年来，攀钢牢固树立自主创新主体意识，坚持走科技效益型发展道路，致力于深度开发攀西钒钛磁铁矿资源，着力打造钢铁钒钛精品基地，自主创新和科技进步工作取得突出成效。以建设初期攀钢攻克用普通高炉冶炼高钛型钒钛磁铁矿这一世界性难题为标志，攀钢依靠自主创新实施技术改造，促进了规模上台阶；促进了工艺技术装备水平进步，不断向国内国际先进水平迈进；通过自主创新抓好品种结构调整，培育了高速铁路用钢轨、家电用钢板、无缝钢管、钒钛制品等一大批国际国内知名的精品名牌产品，发展成为我国西部最大、中国重要的钢铁生产基地，中国最大的钒制品和铁路用钢生产基地，中国规格品种最齐全的无缝钢管生产基地，中国最大的钛原料和钛白粉生产基地及世界第二大产钒企业。     

The Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Investigating the Role of Climate Regarding Ethics

One of the important factors influencing perceptions of the existence of an ethical climate is leader behaviors. It is argued that paternalistic leadership behaviors are developed to humanize and remoralize the workplace. In various studies, leadership behaviors and climate regarding ethics were evaluated as antecedents of organizational commitment. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between paternalistic leadership behaviors, climate regarding ethics and organizational commitment. Data were obtained from 142 individuals. Results indicated that benevolent paternalistic leadership had a moderate effect on affective commitment and strong effect on continuance commitment. Moreover, it was found that paternalistic leadership had an effect on the perception of an ethical climate. Strong relationship was found between climate regarding ethics and affective commitment; moderate relationship was found between climate regarding ethics and continuance commitment. Finally, results indicated that climate regarding ethics had a mediating effect between benevolent paternalistic leadership and affective commitment. Gül Selin Erben holds MA degree on Human Resources Management. She is a Phd candidate on Organizational Behavior field. She works as a research assistant at the Maltepe University. Ayşe Begüm Güneşer holds MA degree on Human Resources Management and she holds Phd degree on Organizational Behavior.     

The selection bias in court records: settlement and trial in eighteenth‐century Ottoman Kastamonu

Court records are used extensively in historical research. Preserved as summaries of daily legal proceedings, they give historians a unique opportunity to access information about the names, characteristics, and socio‐economic status of individuals and the laws, local customs, and legal institutions of societies. Although researchers have noted various limitations of these records, the problem of selection bias has not been systematically studied. Since litigants would probably settle disputes in which one side is likely to be a clear winner, the cases that go to trial are more likely to be the difficult and uncertain ones that comprise a non‐random subset of all disputes. This article presents a study of selection bias in Ottoman courts in the town of Kastamonu in northern Anatolia, from the late seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. Disputes are categorized by type and the distribution of court participants is studied according to composition, gender, and socio‐religious status. A regression analysis is run to determine the factors affecting the likelihood of cases being tried in court. The results indicate that the cases that ended up in court were selected systematically. If the selection bias is ignored, research based on Ottoman court records may be seriously flawed in its ability to yield general conclusions.     

Direct and Indirect Exporting and Productivity: Evidence from Firm‐Level Data

This paper examines the separate productive impacts of direct and indirect exporting to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying learning‐by‐exporting effects by utilizing a method that allows us to check the robustness of the results to the selection on unobservables. We found that the productivity effects of exporting are mainly associated with direct exporting, indicating that knowledge spillover, and thus, productive impact of exporting grows with increased interaction with international firms and consumers. Indirect exporters are unlikely to be able to efficiently exploit the productive capacity of foreign technology and knowledge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论煤炭企业集团应对当前经济形势的融资策略

央行自4月21日起上调存款准备金率0.5个百分点,为2011年来第四次上调,也是去年紧缩周期以来第10次上调,这将使大型金融机构存款准备金率达到20.5%历史高位。在偏紧的货币政策下,正在扩张中的H大型煤炭企业集团积极研究多种金融融资工具特点,为偏紧的货币政策开出适宜企业集团发展的融资良方。     

企业发展第三方物流的必要性研究

随着现代信息技术的发展,在发达国家现代物流已成为新兴支柱产业,在继降低资源消耗和提高生产效率之后,被称为第三种利润源泉的第三方物流的作用也越来越被人所重视,文中主要根据企业经营模式并结合企业物流体系现状和运行模式,从第三方物流的概念及模式出发,对企业发展第三方物流的需要性和必要性进行初步研究。