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421.
对西方财政职能理论的反思 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
李森 《吉林财税高等专科学校学报》2005,(4):1-4
西方财政三职能理论只是界定了财政的职责而没有说明财政的功能,把三项职能并列还容易引起逻辑混乱.完善三职能理论应首先寻找财政职责的功能基础,然后确定财政功能在市场经济条件下的职责体现.市场经济条件下财政的职能可以界定为是满足公共需要、提供公共产品,该职能可以从三个层次展开. 相似文献
422.
贸易自由化下东盟国家关税政策的新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来,随着经济全球化进程的加快,东盟国家(本文主要指印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡和泰国)加快了贸易自由化的步伐,积极改革与调整关税政策,本文对东盟五国关税水平和关税结构呈现的新变化进行分析,总结出其调整的特点与趋势,这对中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
423.
Abstract . In the context of a two-sector overlapping-generations model it is demonstrated that a steady-state transfer paradox may arise under commodity trade with stability and without distortions or bystanders. The existence of the paradox is due to the effect of the transfer on world capital accumulation, which is shown to always (i.e., for any ranking of factor intensities and savings rates) improve the donor's terms of trade. Transfers may also improve steady-state welfare for both donor and recipient and produce paradoxical welfare results along the transition path. 相似文献
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This paper presents optimal control and differential game models of military expenditure in less developed countries. We emphasise the strategic interconnections between aggressive neighbours and explicitly stress the optimal resource allocation problem between civilian and military expenditure. A major innovation of the analysis is to analyse the asymmetric reaction functions of the two agents and the formalisation of the stylised fact that most LDC arms races have taken place between participants of ‘unequal’ size. 相似文献
426.
This paper attempts to analyse the interrelationships between government and military expenditure and economic growth in particular, and between security and development in general, in a new framework. It has three novel features. First, the impact of military spending (as well as any other government spending which has similar externalities) is studied in an endogenous growth framework unlike most of the previous research in the field. Second, growth, welfare and security effects are studied simultaneously. Third, simulation studies are made for specific countries to capture long-term steady state effects which are difficult to analyze in longitudinal case studies. 相似文献
427.
A number affirms use external sourcing of technology to create technological change in their organizations. In this article, Falguni Sen and Albert Rubenstein develop a rationale to support the concept of an integrative technology development strategy which emphasizes the role of in-house R&D during the planning and implementation process for externally sourced technology. They divide the external sourcing process into two major components: an acquisition phase and an implementation phase. Next, they define five distinct stages within both phases. Based on a review of the literature, the authors identify some common problems with external sourcing and discuss potential ways that in-house R&D can alleviate them by becoming involved in specific steps in each of the ten stages. The data in the article have been obtained from thirty-one cases of external sourcing of technology from a diverse group of industries in the United States and India. R&D's involvement in the external technology process varies among firms and is generally low in the acquisition phase. In the research, R&D managers describe barriers to their involvement, and the article develops measures of effectiveness of the activities in each stage of the external sourcing process. The authors recommend removing relevant barriers, especially in those stages where the involvement of in-house R&D groups could increase the effectiveness of the process. 相似文献
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Dualism is a pervasive feature of the manufacturing sectors of less-developed countries, with large differences in productivity between the informal and the formal sectors. Policy distortions are viewed as an important factor behind the prevalence of manufacturing dualism. We examine whether tariff reforms, industrial de-licensing and the withdrawal of reservation of products for small firms implemented since the mid-1980s have had any effects on efficiency differentials between informal and formal firms in Indian manufacturing. We find strong evidence that economic reforms have exacerbated dualism by increasing the productivity differentials between the more efficient formal firms and the less efficient informal firms. 相似文献